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OB/PEDs: Final > Childhood Communicable Diseases & Immunizations > Flashcards

Childhood Communicable Diseases & Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q

Varicella (Chickenpox)
Transmission

A

Direct contact of mucous membranes and lesions. Also airborne.

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2
Q

Varicella (Chickenpox)

Clinical Manifestations

A

flu like symptoms, pruitic macules that progress to a fluid filled vesicle that open and crust over.

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3
Q

Varicella (Chickenpox)

Nursing intervention

A

supportive- fluids, analgesic, antipyretic. Oatmeal bath, keep fingernails short.

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4
Q

Coxsackievirus (Hand, Foot, Mouth disease)

Transmission

A

Fecal-oral and respiratory (coughing)

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5
Q

Coxsackievirus (Hand, Foot, Mouth disease)

Clinical Manifestations

A

lesions on buccal surface of cheeks, gums and tongue, hands and feet.

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6
Q

Coxsackievirus (Hand, Foot, Mouth disease)

Nursing intervention

A

Supportive: popsicle, Tylenol, contact precautions.

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7
Q

Erythmea Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)

Transmission

A

respiratory secretions and blood

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8
Q

Erythmea Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)

Clinical Manifestations

A
  • Stage 1- flu like illness for 2-3 days, then symptom free for 1-7 days
  • Stage 2- fiery red rash on cheeks “slapped face”, circomoral pallor, lacy rash on body
  • Stage 3- lasts 1-3 weeks as the rash fades.
  • 5th disease: think 5 finger slap to face
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9
Q

Erythmea Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)

Nursing intervention

A

supportive, droplet precautions

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10
Q

Haemophilus Influenzae

Transmission

A

Contact or Droplet

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11
Q

Haemophilus Influenzae

Clinical Manifestations

A

Viral URI, may lead to meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, sepsis.

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12
Q

Haemophilus Influenzae

Nursing intervention

A

blood and CSF culture, antibiotics, droplet isolation until 24 hrs after initiation of antibiotics, supportive.
HIB vaccine

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13
Q

Measles (Rubeola)

Transmission

A

contact and airborne

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14
Q

Measles (Rubeola)

Clinical Manifestations

A

high fever, coryza (clear runny nose) , cough, *Koplik’s spots (white bumps) on buccal mucosa, red, blotchy maculopapular rash that begins on the face.

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15
Q

Measles (Rubeola)

Nursing intervention

A

supportive

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16
Q

Rubella (German Measles)

Transmission

A

droplet, contact

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17
Q

Rubella (German Measles)

Clinical Manifestations

A

Pink, maculopapular rash that starts on the face. Low grade fever, URI symptoms, lymphadenopathy, Forschheimer spots (erythmatous red pinpoint, or larger, lesions on soft palate)

18
Q

Rubella (German Measles)

Nursing intervention

A

supportive, droplet & contact isolation.

19
Q

Meningococcus

Transmission

A

contact & Droplet

20
Q

Meningococcus
Clinical Manifestations

A

flu like symptoms, prostration, may develop a petechial rash that turns into purpura if child becomes septic.

21
Q

Meningococcus

Nursing intervention

A

Penicillin, fluids, maintain airway, droplet precautions until 24 hours after start of antibiotics.
HIB vaccine

22
Q

Mumps

Transmission

A

contact & droplet

23
Q

Mumps

Clinical Manifestations

A

malaise, low grade fever, pain with swallowing, parotid swelling. May cause orchitis which can lead to sterility in boys.

24
Q

Mumps

Nursing intervention

A

supportive, droplet isolation.

25
Q

Pertussis (Whooping cough)

Transmission

A

Droplet and contact

26
Q

Pertussis (Whooping cough)

Clinical Manifestations

A
  • Catarrhal stage: URI symptoms for 1-2 weeks
  • Paroxysmal stage: whooping cough- 1-6 weeks
  • Convalescent stage: up to 6 weeks, until coughing subsides.
27
Q

Pertussis (Whooping cough)

Nursing intervention

A

macrolide antibiotic: erythromycin (also treat close contacts prophylactically), corticosteroid, supportive treatment, droplet isolation until 7 days after antibiotics initiated

28
Q

Roseola

Transmission

A

respiratory secretions of healthy individuals

29
Q

Roseola

Clinical Manifestations

A

sudden high fever (>103 F)for 3-8 days. When the fever subsides, a pale pink, maculopapular rash starts on the trunk and spreads to the face, neck, and extremities.

30
Q

Roseola

Nursing intervention

A

supportive

31
Q

Rotavirus

Transmission

A

Fecal-oral Incubation: 2-4 days

32
Q

Rotavirus

Clinical Manifestations

A

low grade fever, vomiting, watery diarrhea.

33
Q

Rotavirus

Nursing intervention

A

fluid and electrolyte replacement, contact isolation

34
Q

Contraindications to Immunization

A
  • Fever, moderate illness
  • Allergies to medications, food, or any vaccine (eggs, preservatives)
  • Any previous adverse reactions to a vaccine in the past
  • Does the child have cancer, leukemia, AIDS? Any immunocompromised
  • Has the child taken prednisone, steroids, anticancer medications or radiograph tx in past 3 months
  • Mild illness: can still get the vaccine
  • Moderate: should not get vaccine/ delayed
35
Q

Adverse Reactions

A
  • erythema, tenderness, swelling at the injection site, low grade fever, irritability.
  • Anaphylaxis (tachycardia, hypertension, irritability, headache, nausea, tremors, rash, SOB) Treat with Epinephrine. Often caused by additives (egg, yeast)
36
Q

vaccine given at birth

A

Hep B:
It’s a series

37
Q

Live vaccines

A

MMR
Varicella
- given at 12 months of age; because of stronger immune system

38
Q

Kindergarten required vaccines:

A
  • DTap: booster/ at least first dose
  • IPV: Polio
  • MMR
  • Varicella
39
Q

Covid 19/ Flu

A

recommended yearly

40
Q

11-12 yo vaccines

A
  • Tdap: If received last dTap 10 years prior
  • HPV: genital warts (can start at 9 yo- recommend at 11 yo check up)
  • Meningicoccal

OB/PEDs: Final (18 decks)

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