Childhood Communicable Diseases & Immunizations Flashcards
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Transmission
Direct contact of mucous membranes and lesions. Also airborne.
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Clinical Manifestations
flu like symptoms, pruitic macules that progress to a fluid filled vesicle that open and crust over.
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Nursing intervention
supportive- fluids, analgesic, antipyretic. Oatmeal bath, keep fingernails short.
Coxsackievirus (Hand, Foot, Mouth disease)
Transmission
Fecal-oral and respiratory (coughing)
Coxsackievirus (Hand, Foot, Mouth disease)
Clinical Manifestations
lesions on buccal surface of cheeks, gums and tongue, hands and feet.
Coxsackievirus (Hand, Foot, Mouth disease)
Nursing intervention
Supportive: popsicle, Tylenol, contact precautions.
Erythmea Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)
Transmission
respiratory secretions and blood
Erythmea Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)
Clinical Manifestations
- Stage 1- flu like illness for 2-3 days, then symptom free for 1-7 days
- Stage 2- fiery red rash on cheeks “slapped face”, circomoral pallor, lacy rash on body
- Stage 3- lasts 1-3 weeks as the rash fades.
- 5th disease: think 5 finger slap to face
Erythmea Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)
Nursing intervention
supportive, droplet precautions
Haemophilus Influenzae
Transmission
Contact or Droplet
Haemophilus Influenzae
Clinical Manifestations
Viral URI, may lead to meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, sepsis.
Haemophilus Influenzae
Nursing intervention
blood and CSF culture, antibiotics, droplet isolation until 24 hrs after initiation of antibiotics, supportive.
HIB vaccine
Measles (Rubeola)
Transmission
contact and airborne
Measles (Rubeola)
Clinical Manifestations
high fever, coryza (clear runny nose) , cough, *Koplik’s spots (white bumps) on buccal mucosa, red, blotchy maculopapular rash that begins on the face.
Measles (Rubeola)
Nursing intervention
supportive
Rubella (German Measles)
Transmission
droplet, contact
Rubella (German Measles)
Clinical Manifestations
Pink, maculopapular rash that starts on the face. Low grade fever, URI symptoms, lymphadenopathy, Forschheimer spots (erythmatous red pinpoint, or larger, lesions on soft palate)
Rubella (German Measles)
Nursing intervention
supportive, droplet & contact isolation.
Meningococcus
Transmission
contact & Droplet
Meningococcus
Clinical Manifestations
flu like symptoms, prostration, may develop a petechial rash that turns into purpura if child becomes septic.
Meningococcus
Nursing intervention
Penicillin, fluids, maintain airway, droplet precautions until 24 hours after start of antibiotics.
HIB vaccine
Mumps
Transmission
contact & droplet
Mumps
Clinical Manifestations
malaise, low grade fever, pain with swallowing, parotid swelling. May cause orchitis which can lead to sterility in boys.
Mumps
Nursing intervention
supportive, droplet isolation.
Pertussis (Whooping cough)
Transmission
Droplet and contact
Pertussis (Whooping cough)
Clinical Manifestations
- Catarrhal stage: URI symptoms for 1-2 weeks
- Paroxysmal stage: whooping cough- 1-6 weeks
- Convalescent stage: up to 6 weeks, until coughing subsides.
Pertussis (Whooping cough)
Nursing intervention
macrolide antibiotic: erythromycin (also treat close contacts prophylactically), corticosteroid, supportive treatment, droplet isolation until 7 days after antibiotics initiated
Roseola
Transmission
respiratory secretions of healthy individuals
Roseola
Clinical Manifestations
sudden high fever (>103 F)for 3-8 days. When the fever subsides, a pale pink, maculopapular rash starts on the trunk and spreads to the face, neck, and extremities.
Roseola
Nursing intervention
supportive
Rotavirus
Transmission
Fecal-oral Incubation: 2-4 days
Rotavirus
Clinical Manifestations
low grade fever, vomiting, watery diarrhea.
Rotavirus
Nursing intervention
fluid and electrolyte replacement, contact isolation
Contraindications to Immunization
- Fever, moderate illness
- Allergies to medications, food, or any vaccine (eggs, preservatives)
- Any previous adverse reactions to a vaccine in the past
- Does the child have cancer, leukemia, AIDS? Any immunocompromised
- Has the child taken prednisone, steroids, anticancer medications or radiograph tx in past 3 months
- Mild illness: can still get the vaccine
- Moderate: should not get vaccine/ delayed
Adverse Reactions
- erythema, tenderness, swelling at the injection site, low grade fever, irritability.
- Anaphylaxis (tachycardia, hypertension, irritability, headache, nausea, tremors, rash, SOB) Treat with Epinephrine. Often caused by additives (egg, yeast)
vaccine given at birth
Hep B:
It’s a series
Live vaccines
MMR
Varicella
- given at 12 months of age; because of stronger immune system
Kindergarten required vaccines:
- DTap: booster/ at least first dose
- IPV: Polio
- MMR
- Varicella
Covid 19/ Flu
recommended yearly
11-12 yo vaccines
- Tdap: If received last dTap 10 years prior
- HPV: genital warts (can start at 9 yo- recommend at 11 yo check up)
- Meningicoccal
