Childhood

Question 1

Definitions of the Life Cycle Stages

Answer 1

• Middle childhood - between the ages of 5 and 10 years
• Preadolescence - ages 9 to 11 for girls; ages 10 to 12 years for boys

Question 2

Physiological development in school-age children

Answer 2

• Muscular strength, motor coordination and stamina increase
• In early childhood, body fat reaches a minimum then increases in preparation for adolescent growth spurt:
  16% minimum in girls
  13% minimum in boys

Rebounds between ages 6 to 6.3 years

Question 3

Cognitive development in school-age children

Answer 3

Change from preoperational period to concrete operations
- Able to focus on several aspects of a situation at the same time
- More rational cause and effect reasoning

Less egocentric: able to see another’s point of view
- Developing empathy

Develops sense of self

More independent
Often screen time rises significantly

Learn family roles

Peer relationships become important

Question 4

Development of feeding skills

Answer 4

Increased motor coordination & improved feeding skills

Masters use of utensils

Involved in food preparation

Complexities of skills increased with age

Learning about different foods, simple food prep and basic nutrition facts

Question 5

The two voluntary advertising codes in Canada

Answer 5

1. Canadian code of advertising Standards
2. Broadcast code of Advertising to children

Question 6

Broadcast Code for Advertising to Children

Answer 6

Purpose: guide advertisers and agencies in preparing commercial messages towards children

Product can only be promoted once/30 mins
Must have less than 4 mins of commercials/30 mins
Puppets/characters/people well-known to children can not endorse or personally promote a product/service
All ads need approval by Children’s Clearance Committee

Nutrition related:
- Food item must be promoted as part of balanced diet
- Ads should not discourage healthy lifestyle choices or consumption of fruit/veg
- Amount of food should not be excessive
- Quantity of food should not exceed labeled serving size on Nutrition Facts Panel

Question 7

AMDRs for CHO, PRO and Fat

Answer 7

CHO: 45-65%

Protein: 10-30%
The protein DRI is 0.95 g/kg body wt

Fat: 25-35%
- Include sources of linoleic (omega-6) and alpha-linolenic (omega-3) fatty acids
- Limit saturated fats, cholesterol & trans fats

Question 8

Fibre requirements (AI)

Answer 8

children 4-8: 25 g/day
Boys 9-13: 31 g/day
Girls 9-13: 26 g/day

Question 9

Dietary recommendations for calcium and vitamin D (and why they are needed)

Answer 9

Bone formation

Calcium RDA: 1000 mg (4-8 yrs); 1300 mg (9-13 yrs)
Vitamin D RDA: 600IU

Question 10

Iron DRIs

Answer 10

10 mg/d 4-8 year olds
8 mg/d 9-13 year olds

Question 11

Types of lactose intolerance

Answer 11

Primary: genetic, absence of enzyme
- more common in certain racial and ethnic groups

Secondary: injury to small bowel
- often complete elimination is not necessary

Question 12

DRIs for sodium

Answer 12

4-8 yo: 1200 mg/d, UL 1900 mg/d
9-13 yo: 1500 mg/d, UL 2200 mg/day

Question 13

UL on soft drinks, coffee, tea, chocolate, some drugs…

Answer 13

7-9 y.o.: 62.5 mg/day
10-12 y.o.: 85 mg/day

Question 14

The School Food and Beverage Policy apply to all food and beverages sold in all schools except:

Answer 14

Foods offered in schools to students at no cost
Brought from home or purchased off school premises
Available for purchase during field trips off premises
Sold in schools for non-school purposes
Sold for fundraising activities that occur off school premises
Sold in staff rooms

Question 15

Ontario Physical and Health Education Association (OPHEA)

Answer 15

Several nutrition and physical education programs and resources available for school education
Encouraged use by before/after school programs
Goal is to raise awareness and increase physical activity