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Child Development UNIT 2 > Childcare Options > Flashcards

Childcare Options Flashcards

1
Q

Why may families choose to use childcare ?

A
  • Both parents are working or studying
  • One parent is ill and the other is working
  • They are a one parent family and need to work to provide for the family
  • The parents need a break from the demands of childcare
  • Children benefit from more contact with other adults and children
  • Children need to be cared for outside of school hours and school holidays
  • Children may have special needs and require specialist care
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2
Q

What does a childminder do ?

A

Childminders look after small numbers of children in their own home.

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3
Q

What must a person do if they wish to become a childminder?

A
  • Anyone who is paid to look after children under 8 years of age as a childminder must, by law, register with their local HSC Trust.
  • Before a person becomes registered as a childminder, they must complete an introductory training course and have premises that are safe, secure and suitable for children.
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4
Q

How many children are childminders registered to care for ?

A

Childminders are registered to care for up to 3 children under 5 including their own children.

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5
Q

How often and by who is the childminder and their home inspected by ?

A

Annual inspections are carried out by social services on both the home and the childminder to assure a high standard of care for the children

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6
Q

Where can you find a list of childminders with vacancies in the area ?

A

The local HSC Trust will have a list of childminders with vacancies in the area

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7
Q

Why is it a good idea for the mum to have a written agreement in place with a childminder before they start looking after the child ?

A

It will help avoid any misunderstandings about things like holidays, extra pay for extra time and expenses.

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8
Q

What are the advantages of a childminder ?

A
  • They are experienced with children and will be able to cope with the needs of a baby
  • Their house will be checked by social services beforehand so will be safe for children
  • Registered childminders are regulated, the parents will therefore know that the childminder has been checked.
  • They have flexible working hours and reasonable costs
  • There will be company of the other children in the house which will help with the child’s social development
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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of a childminder?

A
  • May not be able to work flexible hours which may not suit the parents working hours
  • The baby has to fit into the childminders routine, which may not suit parents
  • The childminders views and discipline may be different from the parents and this may cause friction and confuse the child
  • Can sometimes be expensive - may have to pay a retainer fee over the holidays
  • Parents may have to buy extra equipment like an extra cot, pram etc for the childminders which is extra cost
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10
Q

What is a day nursery ?

A

A day nursery is a child care centre that looks after children from birth to 5 years, though the exact age ranges vary from nursery to nursery.

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11
Q

What do day nurseries offer ?

A
  • Staff at day nurseries are trained to develop a stimulating environment that will help a child to thrive.
  • Day nurseries will help your child to learn, using a curriculum specially designed for children under 5
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12
Q

What time are day nurseries usually open ?

A
  • Day nurseries cater for parents with full-time or part-time jobs, so are usually open from about 7am until 7pm
  • Most day nurseries are open all year around expect bank holidays and Christmas and some may close for certain periods during the year for training or holidays meaning the parent will have to take the same holiday or make alternative arrangements during that time.
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13
Q

What are the advantages of a Day Nursery ?

A
  • They are well equipped and have up to date equipment which is safety checked yearly
  • Baby gets used to different carers which helps their social development and makes them less clingy to it’s parents
  • There are lots of play opportunities and activities as the baby gets older
  • Day Nurseries are inspected and registered so parents know that they are safe and clean
  • The staff are trained and experienced with babies and children so parents know their child is well cared for
  • The child becomes used to other children which helps their social development and they can learn to share
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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of a Day Nursery ?

A
  • Higher cost compared to other childcare options
  • If the baby is ill, it can’t go to the nursery in case it gets other children ill so the parents will have to organise something else or take the day off work
  • There is a higher risk of catching illnesses from other babies and children
  • There is little one-to-one attention as staff have several babies to look after
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15
Q

What are the advantages of a relative looking after the child?

A
  • They will know the baby and will be familiar with the baby’s routine
  • Parents may feel happier knowing the baby is with a family member and they know they can trust the person
  • The relative can come to the baby’s own house which is better for parents as they don’t need to drive or arrange transport.
  • The baby will also be content in their own home
  • May not charge as a family member or relative or charge very little unlike registered childminders
  • Will be flexible with working hours and may not need to pay for holidays
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16
Q

What are the disadvantages of a relative looking after the child ?

A
  • The house will not have been inspected and may not be childproof
  • If the parents are unhappy with something they may find it difficult to approach the carer
  • The carer may feel they cannot discipline the child effectively
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17
Q

What is a crèche ?

A

A crèche is a place where parents can leave their children usually on the same premises safely while they’re busy. They can be found in certain workplaces such as shopping centres, sports and leisure centres, churches, colleges and at conferences.

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18
Q

What are the advantages of a crèche ?

A
  • It is close to the parents work so they can call in during the day to see the baby and is also handy if the baby has any problems
  • The company will usually help pay for some of the costs
  • They are usually well equipped and have up to date equipment which is safety checked each year
  • The baby gets used to different carers which helps social development and makes them less clingy
  • There are lots of play opportunities and activities when the baby gets older which will help the child’s creative and intellectual skills.
  • The hours will suit the parents routine, they can easily pick the baby up at the end of the day
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19
Q

What are the disadvantages of a crèche ?

A
  • If the parent is ill or off work for the day then they can’t use the crèche and may have to sort alternative care.
  • The baby will have to travel with the parent and it may be a long journey and the baby may be unsettled
  • If the baby becomes ill during the day at the crèche, the parent will need to take time off work to take the baby home
  • If the baby is ill it can’t attend the crèche
  • There is a higher risk of catching illness from other babies and children e.g.tummy bugs and colds
  • The baby will get little one-to-one attention as staff have several babies to look after.
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20
Q

What is a parent and toddler group and who runs them ?

A
  • They are usually run by volunteers in churches, soft play areas or community centres and provide great play opportunities for the child and give the parents a chance to make other parent friends too.
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21
Q

What happens at a parent and toddler group ?

A
  • Toddler groups are unstructured and are predominantly a free play session with a break for refreshments.
  • However there will usually be a mixture of small and large toys and craft activities as well as a story or song time during the session when the parents and children all get together
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22
Q

What are the benefits of a parent and toddler group ?

A
  • They provide a safe and happy environment for children to play, learn and interact
  • It is a welcoming place for all parents and carers to make friends and family feel supported
  • They are the basis for developing long-lasting relationships for young families looking for friendship and support
  • They offer a lifeline to families in crisis, support for parents having a tough time or just dealing with ongoing demands of childcare
  • They make a valuable contribution to community life
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23
Q

What is a Nursery school ?

A
  • State nursery schools are free and children usually attend them on a full time basis ( approx 4 1/2 hours) or part time (approx 2 1/2 hours)
  • Sometimes nursery school will be a part of a primary school or they can be a separate school in their own right
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24
Q

When do parents apply for a place in Nursery school ?

A

Parents will apply for a place in the January of the year in which they will attend the school

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25
Q

At what age do children in northern Ireland attend nursery school ?

A

They go to nursery school when they are 3 which is their pre- school year

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26
Q

What is a playgroup ?

A
  • A playgroup is usually attended the year before nursery school
  • Playgroups are run by trained early years professionals and parents are closely involved and some are run by parent committees
  • Playgroups are usually mornings only and may not open everyday of the week
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27
Q

What ages can attend playgroups?

A

Children aged 2-5 years old but usually a playgroup will be attended in the year before nursery school or if a child doesn’t get a place in a nursery school, they may attend a playgroup as for their preschool/nursery year

28
Q

What happens at a playgroup ?

A

Trained staff look after children and do activities with them to help them learn

29
Q

What are the benefits of a child attending a nursery school or playgroup ?

A
  • They can make friends with children their own age and adult helpers.
  • They will play with others and develop early friendships through time spent together
  • They will share toys, learn to not be selfish and realise the need to share and play alongside others and take turns e.g. waiting to use a slide, waiting to play with a toy
  • The child will learn to be patient and will be less selfish
  • They will learn good manners and norms for example they will be taught to say please and thank you, table manners
  • They will develop self-help skills like washing their hands after using the toilet, and sipping up their own coat, routine will help this behaviour become common practice
  • They will improve their speech as the child will have opportunities to listen and talk to other children and adults, the child will learn by copying, singing and rhymes will encourage repetitive speech and improve their vocabulary.
30
Q

How can parents help prepare their child for school ?

A
  • Don’t over hype school so they don’t end up being disappointed - instead tell them about it and what to expect
  • Invite a child from their new class round to play in the summer if possible so that they have a friend that they know on the first day
  • They can send their child to preschool or playgroup so that the child is familiar with being in a surrounding of other adults and children
  • Let them be more independent by letting them get dressed for school themselves and encourage them to be independent
  • Help them develop self-care skills such as putting on own clothes and shoes and going to the toilet without help
  • They can practise the school run and routine such as waking up, getting dressed and having breakfast etc as well as the route to school so they get familiar with it
  • Talk to them about what to expect and talk it through with them let them ask any questions
  • Take them to a familiarisation morning if the school offers one so that they are familiar with their teacher and classmates
  • Teach them their name and basic things like holding a pencil and some sounds, shapes, numbers, letters and colours
  • Make sure they’re toilet trained and know flush after themselves and to wash their hands afterwards
  • Read with them so they become with traditional stories and learn new words
31
Q

How can a staff in a school prepare a child for starting school ?

A
  • By producing videos on the school website of a day in the school
  • Having open days for the parents and children
  • Having induction days for the new children to play and let them meet their teacher
  • Having an induction programme at the beginning of September
  • Sending out information to the parents to help them prepare their children for school
32
Q

What are the names of some agencies which support families?

A
  • Parenting Focus
  • NICMA - Northern Ireland Child Minding Association
  • Early Years
33
Q

What does Parenting Focus do ?

A
  • Parenting Focus provides free support for parents across Northern Ireland
  • They provide a Free phone support line and other regional services delivered by trained staff
  • Parenting Focus is committed to supporting all parents and ensuring that their voices are heard whenever decisions are made that will affect them.
34
Q

What is the Parenting Focus Support Line and what does it do ?

A
  • They listen to the parents and offer reassurance on the free phone 0808 8010 722
  • They are there to listen to concerns and offer reassurance to help families through any parenting challenge they are facing
  • The support line also opens doors to other Parenting Focus services such as parenting programmes and family support projects and can help parents to find other services which are available on the local area that could offer any additional support
35
Q

What are some of the courses and workshops which Parenting Focus offers to help parents ?

A
  • Parenting Apart - To support parents in minimising the impact of separation on children
  • Walking On Eggshells - To support parents experiencing child to parent violence to achieve a calmer violence free home, based on the non violent approach
  • Keeping Your Cool - To provide parents with the tools to recognise the triggers to their outbursts and manage their emotions
  • Sink or swim - To support parents with emotional well-being and mental health
  • Fathers And Families - To promote positive parenting skills to fathers
36
Q

Parenting Focus also delivers a range of 2 hour workshops on a range of topics such as what ?

A
  • Parenting Styles
  • BUllying
  • Communicating with your child
  • Parenting in a digital world
  • Stress Management
  • Assertiveness
  • Value of Play
  • Managing Emotions
  • Promoting Independence
  • Stop & Go (alternatives to smacking)
37
Q

What is home based family support ?

A
  • Home based Family Support aims to support families who are experiencing life challenges which impact their family unit and can make it difficult to provide effective parenting and functioning as a family.
  • a family support worker can visit the parent in the family home at a time which is convenient for the parents and the worker will listen to the parents concerns and work alongside them in establishing routines, communications, behaviour management techniques and support with overall emotional well - being.
38
Q

How can Family Support help ?

A
  • By listening
  • By providing tools and tips to manage challenging behaviours
  • Offering non-judgemental perspectives on family issues
  • Empowering parents to make the best choices for their family
  • Working with the family to implement workable solutions
  • Supporting the parent to change patterns of parenting so they can parent more effectively
39
Q

How can families access Family Support ?

A

-They can self-refer through contacting the local Family Support Hub in their area
- They can also speak to their GP, Heath Visitor or School to make a referral to their FAmily Support Hub Co-ordinator

40
Q

Parenting Focus also runs a Counselling Service, what does this offer?

A
  • This provides one-to-one counselling for parents.
  • They can provide up to 5 sessions
  • In those sessions they can discuss their emotions, coping mechanisms, and possible measures they can take to resolve any issues they are facing
41
Q

Parenting Focus also provides resources for parents, what do these include ?

A
  • They publish factsheets available on their website on a range of topics such as -
    -potty training
  • bed wetting
    -praise and encouragement
  • Reading with a child
42
Q

What is NICMA and what do they aim to do ?

A

NICMA is the Northern Ireland Child MInding Associationand they are an organisation that aims to help parents find a registered childminder that will be able to meet the needs of the family and who the child will be happy with

43
Q

What does NICMA provide to the childminders which they advertise and what does this ensure ?

A
  • They regularly provide training on health and safety and safeguarding children and this will ensure that the childminder holds ups to date qualifications and is insured to look after a child
44
Q

What is the NICMA free phone help line for ?

A

It’s so parents can ring for information and advice on any queries they have in relation to childminding services

45
Q

What can NICMA provide parents with information on ?

A
  • Paying for childcare
  • Employment contracts
  • Child Tax Credits
  • How to choose a childminder
  • Childminders that are currently available
  • Childminders that can meet specific needs of the child e.g. child in a wheelchair
46
Q

How does NICMA support parents in relation to paying for childcare ?

A
  • They support parents by informing them of how much they can expect to pay for childcare as well as alternative methods of payment for childcare
  • Childminders are self-employed and can therefore set their own fees, but NICMA provides parents with an estimate.
  • NICMA also informs parents about other fees they may not have thought about e.g. holiday pay or sick pay
  • They provide parents with information about using childcare vouchers and child tax credits to pay for a registered childminder
47
Q

How does NICMA help in choosing a childminder ?

A
  • NICMA has produced a publication guiding parents about choosing the right childminder for them
  • NICMA also provides a vacancy service via telephone or online where parents can find out which registered childminders in their area have a vacancy
  • Parents can then meet with the childminder to see if the environment and childminder is suitable to meet their needs.
48
Q

How does NICMA provide support and information on Employment contracts ?

A
  • Employment contracts will set out guidelines which will protect both parties and aim to prevent disagreements.
  • NICMA have produced a model written contract that parents and childminders can use and this can ensure no vital aspects are overlooked
  • Parents and childminders can negotiate the terms of contract based upon what is right for both parties before it is signed and both parties will retain a copy of this contract in case they need to refer to it at a later stage if an arrangement was to breakdown
49
Q

What does an employment contract between a childminder and parent set out ?

A
  • Fees
  • When payments will be made
  • Method of payment
  • Extra costs e.g. outings, food
  • Working hours
  • Holidays
  • Behaviour management
  • Complaints procedure
  • Notice of termination
50
Q

What Is the “Early Years” organisation ?

A

Early Year’s is an organisation that works to “promote and develop high quality, evidenced informed early childhood services for young children, their families and communities.”

51
Q

What does Early Years do ?

A
  • Early Years believe that parents have a vital role as the first educators for their children therefore they provide support and training for parents to help them .
  • They can provide information on positive parenting, childcare opportunities available, what type of childcare is suitable for them and early educational opportunities
52
Q

Where can parents access information from Early Years

A

Early Years has a website from which parents can easily access information

53
Q

What extra benefits can parents access by becoming a member of Early Years ?

A

Becoming a member of Early Years means that they will have access to a range of resources and will also be able to attend events like workshops or talks held by experts on childhood

54
Q

Early Years provides parents with information on key areas of positive parenting, what do these areas include ?

A
  • Getting ready for school
  • Learning through play
  • Maths through play
  • Care in the sun
  • How to make food fun
55
Q

What are the 4 projects and services which support and educate parents which Early Years are involved with ?

A
  • Eager and Able to Learn Programme
  • Sure Start
  • The Family Health Initiative
  • Media Initiative for Children ( MIFC)
56
Q

What does the Eager and Able to Learn Programme do?

A
  • Aims to work alongside parents to improve a child’s eagerness and ability to learn
  • The focus is put on physical play as this can help all aspects of a child’s development - Physical, Intellectual ,Emotional and Social
57
Q

What does the Family Health Initiative do ?

A
  • They run programmes to educate parents on how they can improve their family health by making changes to their diet and lifestyle.
  • The programme aims to help parents :
  • Understand the importance of a balanced diet and make healthier food choices
  • Understand the importance of exercise and increase physical activity levels
  • Understand physical and emotional consequences connected to obesity
58
Q

What does the Media Initiative for Children (MIFC) do ?

A
  • This programme promotes positive attitudes towards diversity in young children and their parents
  • Aims to make children aware of cultural, social and physical diversity in society and wants to educate children to respect and include those who may be different to them in society
  • Educates how it may feel to be excluded or bullied due to cultural, physical or social differences
  • Early Years runs workshops alongside producing finger puppets, story books and DVDs which parents can use at home to discuss topics such as sectarianism or ethnic minorities
59
Q

What are the roles of a GP ( General Practitioner) in supporting a mother and her child ?

A
  • The GP gives the mother medical advice for her and her baby
  • The GP can diagnose and treat any minor illnesses that the mother or baby may have
  • GPs can prescribe medicines for when a parent or child is sick
  • The GP will refer the mother or baby to a hospital specialist for further investigations if needed
  • The GP will also give the baby its immunisations
60
Q

What is a Health visitor ?

A
  • A health visitor is a qualified nurse or midwife who has had extra training for this role.
61
Q

What is the role of a Health Visitor ?

A
  • Part of their role is to help families with babies and young children to avoid illnesses and to keep healthy
  • They will also offer screening and development checks of children to make sure they are developing properly
  • They will make some home visits and then will advise the mum of the occasions they will be seen at the health clinic
  • Health visitors are also trained to identify signs of postnatal depression and to refer a new mum for help if needed
62
Q

What is a speech and language therapist ?

A

A speech and language therapist is a registered professional with the Health and Social CAre Trust that work with children who need help with their communicational skills

63
Q

What will a Health visitor do?

A
  • Check that babies and young children are making progress
  • Provide advice on breast feeding problems
  • Discuss a timetable for immunisations
  • Advise how to reduce the risk and prevent accidents
  • Provide information on local support services
  • ## Advise on problems such as sleeping, crying, potty training, temper tantrums or any other matter that is worrying the parents
64
Q

What are the difficulties children may have that require a speech and language therapist ?

A
  • Difficulties understanding others
  • Difficulties using sentences and words
  • Difficulties saying sounds correctly
  • Stammering
  • Voice
  • Difficulties interacting with others
65
Q

What is a paediatrician ?

A

A paediatrician is a doctor who specialises in caring for the physical, social and emotional health of children from birth until their mid-teens.

66
Q

What do paediatricians do ?

A
  • Paediatricians diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions that develop in their young patients, from coughs and colds to minor injuries, annual check ups and immunisations.
  • They also coordinate referrals to specialists when a dangerous condition or dysfunction is suspected or diagnosed .
  • Because of the young age of their patients , they more often than not have to work together with other professionals from diverse streams that range from teachers and social workers to speech therapists, physiotherapists, allergists and dieticians .

Child Development UNIT 2 (6 decks)

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