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Child Development UNIT 2 > Child Illnesses And Diseases > Flashcards

Child Illnesses And Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is meningitis

A

Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis can be very serious if not treated quickly and can cause life-threatening blood poisoning (septicaemia) and result in permanent damage to the brain or nerves

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of meningitis to a child and baby

A
  • Pin prick rash or purple bruises anywhere on the body
  • Fever
  • Dislikes of bright lights
  • Vomiting or refusing feeds
  • have a bulging soft spot on their head
  • Be floppy or unresponsive
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3
Q

What are measles and symptoms of measles

A

Initial symptoms of measles develop around 10 days after being infected and include :
- cold like symptoms
- runny nose, sneezing and a cough
- sore red eyes may be sensitive to light
- high temperature may reach 40
- small greyish whitish spots on the inside off the checks
- a few days later a red-brown blotchy rags will appear starting on head or upper neck and spreading down the body

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4
Q

What are mumps and their symptoms

A

Mumps is the swelling of the parotid glands which are responsible for producing saliva
- They are located on either side of the face just below the ears
- Usually both glands are affected by swelling although only one may be affected
- the swelling may cause pain, tenderness and difficulties swallowing as well as
- headaches
- joint pain
- feeling sick
- dry mouth
- mild abdominal pain

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5
Q

What is rubella and what are some of it’s symptoms

A

Rubella is a viral infection that is now rare in the UK and it’s usually a mild condition that gets better without treatment in 7-10 days. Symptoms include:
- red-pink skin rash
- swollen glands around head and neck
- fever
- cold like symptoms
Symptoms only last a few days but glands may be swollen for weeks

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6
Q

What is chicken pox and it’s symptoms

A
  • Chicken pox start with red spots which fill up with fluid to form blisters. These blisters then scab over and become very itchy.
    -Chicken pox is contagious until all spots scab over.
    -Chicken pox is very itchy and can make kids feel miserable even if they don’t have many spots and is usually worse in adults
    You might also get symptoms before or after including:
  • a high temp above 38
  • aches and pains and generally feeling unwell
  • a loss of appetite
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7
Q

What is whooping cough and what are it’s symptoms

A

The first symptoms of whooping cough are similar to those of a cold such as a runny nose, red and watery eyes, a sore throat and a slightly raised temperature.
- Intense coughing bounds start around a week later.
- The bouts usually last a few minutes at a time and tend to be more common at night
- The strain of coughing can cause the face to become red and the eyes may become red too.
- In babies and young children they may stop breathing for a brief time and their face may become blue

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8
Q

Why is immunisation important for children ?

A
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9
Q

What is immunisation for ?

A

-Immunisation or vaccination are available for certain diseases.
-A specific vaccine is required for each disease.
- One or more doses of the vaccine make the body produce the right type of antibodies to destroy the germs that cause that particular disease

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10
Q

Why is it important that a baby has all their routine immunizations at the correct times

A

It is important to keep the risk of disease and any side effects as low as possible.

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11
Q

Where are vaccines usually injected into the baby and at what ages

A

The vaccines are usually injected into the baby’s thigh or upper arm .
- Babies will have 2 injections at 2, 3 and 13 months and 3 injections at 4 months old

-

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12
Q

What is the schedule of Immunisations for children, what are some of the diseases they are immunised against

A

Diphtheria - this is a serious disease which starts off as a sore throat and can quickly lead to breathing problems. It can damage the heart and nervous system and severe cases can be fatal.
- Tetanus - this affects the nervous system, leading to muscle spasms, breathing problems and in severe cases death
- Pertussis - this can cause long bouts of coughing and choking which can make it hard to breathe. Babies under one are at risk as the disease is very serious in this age group and can even be fatal
- Polio - this is a virus which attacks the nervous system and can permanently paralyse the muscles
- Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (HIB) - this is a bacterial illness which can lead to a number of major illnesses such as blood poisoning (septicaemia), pneumonia and meningitis
- PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine) - this protects against the most common types of meningitis and other conditions such as severe ear infection and pneumonia
- MMR (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) - the first dose of this vaccine will be given shortly after the child’s 1st birthday and the second dose will be given at 3 years and 4 months. Since it’s introduction in 1988 it has virtually wiped out these 3 diseases in children

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13
Q

What is Diphtheria?

A

Diphtheria is a serious disease which starts off as a sore throat and can quickly lead to breathing problems. It can damage the heart and nervous system and severe cases can be fatal.

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14
Q

What is tetanus ?

A

Diphtheria - this is a serious disease which starts off as a sore throat and can quickly lead to breathing problems. It can damage the heart and nervous system and severe cases can be fatal.
- Tetanus - this affects the nervous system, leading to muscle spasms, breathing problems and in severe cases death

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15
Q

What is pertussis

A

Also known as whooping cough, this can cause long bouts of coughing and choking which can make it hard to breathe. Babies under one are at risk as the disease is very serious in this age group and can even be fatal

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16
Q

What is Polio ?

A
  • Polio - this is a virus which attacks the nervous system and can permanently paralyse the muscles
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17
Q

What is Hemophilus Influenzae Type B (HIB)?

A
  • Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (HIB) is a bacterial illness which can lead to a number of major illnesses such as blood poisoning (septicaemia), pneumonia and meningitis
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18
Q

What is the PVC ( Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine)

A
  • PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine) - this protects against the most common types of meningitis and other conditions such as severe ear infection and pneumonia
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19
Q

What is the MMR Vaccine?

A

MMR (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) - the first dose of this vaccine will be given shortly after the child’s 1st birthday and the second dose will be given at 3 years and 4 months. Since it’s introduction in 1988 it has virtually wiped out these 3 diseases in children

20
Q

What are a few genuine reasons why a child should not be immunised?

A

Before an immunisation takes place, the situation should be discussed with the doctor or health professional if the child :
- Has a fever
- Has had a bad reaction to any previous immunisation

21
Q

What are the benefits of immunisation?

A
  • Almost all children get long lasting protection from these diseases which could otherwise become serious
  • the more children that get immunised, the rarer the diseases become
  • This protects not only young babies and children but adults as well
22
Q

What are some of the side effects of immunisation?

A

Usually there are no side effects of immunisation.
- Occasionally, redness and swelling may develop where the injection was given, and then will slowly disappear
- Some children may be unwell and irritable and develop a temperature
- Allergic reactions occur very rarely and if treated quickly the child will fully recover

23
Q

Why is 2 months the recommended time to start immunisation?

A

This is because when the baby is in the uterus, antibodies pass across the placenta from the mothers blood to the babys blood and if the baby is then breast fed, the baby will continue to get supplies of these antibodies.
- Antibodies from the mother survive in the baby for several months. At that time the baby is growing stronger and becoming more able to withstand infection .
- The age of 2 months is the recommended time to start immunisation because the baby will begin to develop antibodies to take over those of it’s mother, which gradually disappear

24
Q

How does a digital thermometer work and is it accurate?

A

Digital thermometers are an accurate and easy way to measure a child’s temperature.
- The thermometer is placed either in the mouth or under the armpit for 15 seconds and then the temperature can be read from a display monitor.
- These are widely available

25
Q

How does the ear thermometer work and is it accurate?

A
  • This thermometer is placed inside the ear to provide an accurate reading from the ear.
  • The thermometer measures the infrared heat generated by the eardrum and the surrounding tissue to reflect the user’s body temperature accurately.
  • These are more expensive to buy
26
Q

How does a non-contact thermometer work and is it accurate?

A
  • These work by taking an infrared reading from the forehead.
  • The parent or the carer simply holds the thermometer between 10-15 cm away from the child’s forehead to obtain a reading which will be displayed digitally.
27
Q

How does a strip type thermometer work and is it accurate?

A
  • These are strips which are held against the forehead to take a temperature reading.
  • However these aren’t as accurate and can give a false reading as it measures the temperature of the skin and not the body
28
Q

How does a smart thermometer (app based) thermometer work and is it accurate?

A

This thermometer involves a small sticker or wearable patch being stuck under the armpit of the baby.
- The monitor then syncs to an app on a smart phone allowing the parent to monitor the baby’s temperature constantly and accurately over a period of time
- These are expensive to buy

29
Q

When giving medicine to a child the following points should be considered :

A
  • Check and make sure before giving the medicine that it is the correct medicine you are giving to the correct patient/ child.
    -Follow the instructions exactly - make sure the right dosage is given, at the right frequency as most medicines have side-effects which can cause harm
  • Ask the doctor for advice - if the medicine doesn’t seem to be doing any good or if it’s causing troublesome side effects
  • Store the medicine in a cool place and out of reach of children preferably in a locked cupboard
30
Q

How can you make it easier to administer medication to younger children by mouth willingly ?

A
  • Hug them tightly If they squirm
    -Put the syringe in the back of their mouth at the side, at the backs of their teeth and squirt small amounts at a time
  • Make it into a game e.g by giving some to a doll or teddy
  • Pretend to have some yourself
  • Disguise the taste with yogurt or jam
31
Q

What not to do when administering medicines by mouth ?

A
  • Don’t use teaspoons and use the given liquid medicine measure as teaspoons can be different sizes and not give an accurate dose
  • Don’t force medicine into a child’s mouth as the child will be more certain to fight it each time
  • Don’t force medicine down a child’s throat when they are crying in case they inhale and choke on it
32
Q

What should be considered when giving antibiotics?

A

-Antibiotics are medicines used for treating bacteria and fungi and don’t work against viruses.
- It is important to read and follow the instructions carefully.
- It is also important to complete the course of treatment even if symptoms have stopped because if the course is not completed , not all the bacteria may have been killed and the disease can start up again.
- The bacteria that were not killed may have developed a resistance to the antibiotic, so more medicine will not be effective

33
Q

How to provide a comfortable environment for a sick child ?

A

There is no need to keep the child in bed unless they are happier there.
They will get better just as well in the living room so as long as they are kept warm and comfortable that is all that matters.
They may also feel less bored and neglected being near other people.

34
Q

What can be done to a child if they have to stay in bed and need to be kept clean and comfortable ?

A
  • Wash the face and brush the teeth of the child to help them feel fresh
  • No need for a daily bath unless they are sweating a lot
  • Make sure their hands are washed before eating and after using the toilet
  • Bedclothes and nightwear should be changed as often as necessary
  • The room should be kept warm
  • The room should be well ventilated to prevent it from becoming stuffy. If the windows are open the child should not be caught in a drought.
  • if the child is old enough make sure they have plenty of pillows to sit up comfortably
35
Q

How can boredom be avoided when a child is sick ?

A

-Colouring books
- Ipads
- Toys
- Games

36
Q

Why can going into hospital be a shock for a young child?

A
  • They may have to be separated from their parents
  • They may be too young to understand what’s happening to them
37
Q

What are 5 things that will happen to a child when they go into hospital?

A
  • They will find themselves in strange surroundings
  • They will meet many strangers
  • They may not understand what’s happening to them
  • They may be ill or in pain
  • They may have to undergo treatments or procedures
38
Q

What will be different to children in hospital?

A
  • They will have a changed routine
  • There will be different food
  • They will have a different bath time, bed time etc
39
Q

When a child is old enough to understand how they can be told what is going to happen to them when they go into hospital?

A
  • Through books
    -By being shown videos
  • By pre-visiting the hospital to get familiarised and used to the surroundings
40
Q

How can parents tell that their child is ill

A

Parents can usually tell when their child is ill by the changes in their normal pattern of behaviour. A normally cheerful child can become sad and lifeless.

41
Q

What are symptoms which an ill child may display?

A
  • Fever (looks flushed and feels hot)
  • loss of appetite
  • rash
  • sunken eyes or dark circles around their eyes
  • fretfulness
  • unusually quiet and limp, no internet in anything
  • pale face
  • cough
  • runny eyes and nose
  • irritable
42
Q

When should a doctor be called for medical advice

A

If the child does not recover quickly, or is more unwell than usual or the symptoms recur frequently

43
Q

Where can medical advice be obtained from ?

A
  • A health visitor
  • practice nurse
    -GP
    -Pharmacist
    GP can diagnose illnesses and prescribe medicines and some health visitors, nurses and pharmacists do this too
44
Q

If a child shows signs of serious illness, parents can ..

A
  • contact their GP
  • Call 111 for medical advice, 24 hours a day
  • Take them to the emergency department of the hospital
45
Q

When should an ambulance be called for a child ?

A
  • If they stop breathing
  • Are struggling for breath
  • Are unconscious or seem unaware of what’s going on
  • Will not wake up
  • Have a fit or seizure for the first time, even if they seem to recover
46
Q

When should a child be taken to A&E ?

A
  • If they have a fever and are persistently lethargic despite having paracetamol
  • Are having difficulty breathing
  • Have severe abdominal pain
  • Have a cut that won’t stop bleeding or is gaping open
  • Have an arm or leg injury and can’t use that limb
  • Have ingested poison or tablets
47
Q

What symptoms should always be treated as serious?

A
  • If your baby seems floppy when you pick them up
  • Your baby won’t drink for more than 8 hours
  • Your baby has a bulging fontanelle
  • Your baby has a weak, high pitched, continuous cry
  • Your baby has repeated vomiting or vomits green bile
  • Your baby has a temperature over 38 if they are less than 3 months or over 39 if they are 3-6 months old
  • Your baby has a fit
  • Your baby turns blue, mottled or very pale
  • Your baby has high temperature but their hands and feet are cold
  • Your child’s temperature is high and they are quiet or listless all the time with no ups or downs
  • Your child has difficulty breathing, breathes fast or grunts while breathing, or seems to be working hard to breathe (eg sucking in under the ribcage)
  • Your baby or child is unusually drowsy or hard to wake or doesn’t seem to know you
  • Your child has a stiff neck
  • Your child is unable to stay awake after being roused
  • Your child has a spotty purple-red rash anywhere on the body, which could be a sign of meningitis

Child Development UNIT 2 (6 decks)

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