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Nursing 101 - Exam #2 > Childbearing Anatomy > Flashcards

Childbearing Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What hormone influences woman’s monthly cycles?

A

estrogen

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2
Q

What part of the body protects the pelvic bone during intercourse?

A

mons pubis

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3
Q

What protects underlying structures and is rich in sebacious glands, lubricates?

A

labia majora

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4
Q

What is rich in blood and nerves that provide sexual enjoyment? Secretes smegma (odor sexually stimulating for men)?

A

clitoris

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5
Q

What lubricates vaginal vestibule facilitating intercourse?

A

paraurethral glands

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6
Q

What produces the clear thick alkaline pH that enhances viability and mobility of sperm?

A

Bartholin’s glands

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7
Q

What is the wedge shaped area between the vagina and anus called?

A

perineum

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8
Q

What are the target organs for estrogen?

A

ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus

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9
Q

What shape is the uterus?

A

pear shaped

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10
Q

What is the normal position of the uterus? and what is it held in place by?

A

antiverted

ligaments

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11
Q

The uterus is divided into two parts. Name these parts.

A

corpus

isthmus

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12
Q

Which part of the uterus makes up the upper 2/3?

A

corpus

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13
Q

What is the corpus made mostly of?

A

smooth muscle (myometrium)

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14
Q

What part of the uterus makes the lower 1/3 and is the site of a c-section?

A

isthmus

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15
Q

What is the rounded top of the uterus called?

A

fundus

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16
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus called?

A

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

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17
Q

What is the outermost layer layer called and what is it composed of?

A

perimetrium

composed of peritoneum

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18
Q

What is the middle layer of the uterus called? how many parts is it made of?

A

myometrium

3 parts

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19
Q

Name 3 functions of the myometrium

A
  1. continuous with fallopian tubes, vagina and ligaments
  2. helps organs to present in unified reaction during ovulation and orgasm
  3. all layers act as a whole
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20
Q

What is the outer layer of the myometrium responsible for? what direction are the fibers?

A

has longitudinal muscles and causes cervical effacement, expels fetus during birth

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21
Q

What is the middle layer of the myometrium responsible for? what direction are the fibers?

A

surrounds large blood vessels and acts as a tourniquet to stop bleeding after birth, figure 8 pattern of fibers

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22
Q

What is the inner layer of the myometrium responsible for? what direction are the fibers?

A

acts as a sphincter at the at fallopian tubes and internal os of cervix and inhibits expulsion of uterine contents and stretches during dilation in labour, circular pattern of fibers.

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23
Q

Describe the endometrium?

A

inner layer of uterus and acts under influence of hormones, is a mucous membrane

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24
Q

What is the neck of the uterus? how long is it?

A

cervix

2.5 cm

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25
Q

What function does the cervix provide? What is the entrance of the cervix made up of?

A

provides protective entrance to the uterus

internal and external os

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26
Q

What function does the internal os provide?

A
  1. mucous secreting glands
  2. lubricates vagina
  3. bacteriostatic action
  4. alkaline environment at ovulation for sperm
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27
Q

Where is the site of fertilization?

A

fallopian tubes

28
Q

What are 2 almond shaped structures called?

A

ovaries

29
Q

What type of environment does the vagina provide?

A

acidic environment

30
Q

What does the pelvic floor support? what is it made of?

A
  1. supports vagina, pelvic viscera and sling for rectum and anus
  2. comprised of 6 muscles
31
Q

What function does the pelvic floor provide during the 2nd stage of labour?

A

directs the presenting part of the fetus forward under the pubic arch

32
Q

What part of the vagina does the pelvic floor make up?

A

1/3 of the posterior part of the vagina

33
Q

What exercise is important to do to keep the pelvic floor strong?

A

kegals

34
Q

What are the benefits of doing Kegals?

A
  1. will help isolate muscles during birth - relax them

2. decreases stress incontinence and increases sexual pleasure for both parties

35
Q

What supports the weight of an enlarged pregnant uterus and directs the presenting part of the fetus into the true pelvis? and is located above the pelvic brim?

A

false pelvis

36
Q

What is made up of the sacrum, coccyx, ilium, ischium, and pubis bones?

A

true pelvis

37
Q

What is important for the passage during labour & delivery?

A

relationship between true pelvis and presenting part

38
Q

What are the 3 parts of the true pelvis

A

pelvic inlet
pelvic cavity
pelvic outlet

39
Q

Describe the pelvic inlet

A

the upper border of true pelvis and is usually rounded

40
Q

Describe the pelvic cavity

A

curved canal with longer posterior than anterior wall

41
Q

Describe the pelvic outlet

A

lower body of true pelvis, measured by intertuberous diameter and pubic arch

42
Q

What are the 4 types of pelvis’? and identify if they are favourable shapes for birthing.

A
  1. gynecoid - favourable
  2. android - not favourable
  3. anthropoid - favourable
  4. platypelloid - not favourable
43
Q

In the android and platypelloid pelvic shapes which way does the baby enter the pelvis?

A

transverse

44
Q

What are the 5 bones on a fetus skull?

A

2 frontal
2 parietal
1 occipital

45
Q

What is the overlapping of bones called?

A

molding

46
Q

What are the membrane spaces between bones on the skull called?

A

sutures

47
Q

Where is the frontal suture located?

A

between the two frontal bones

48
Q

Where is the sagittal suture located?

A

between the two parietal bones

49
Q

Where is the coronal suture located?

A

between the frontal and parietal bones

50
Q

Where is the lambdoidal suture located?

A

between the occipital and parietal bones

51
Q

What are the fontanelles?

A

intersections (posterior and anterior) between sutures

52
Q

Describe the fontanelle in the anterior portion of the fetal skull

A

large diamond shaped
allows for growth of the brain
closes at about 18 months of age

53
Q

Describe the fontanelle in the posterior portion of the fetal skull

A

triangular shaped

closes at about 8-12 weeks of age

54
Q

What is the fetal chin called?

A

mentum

55
Q

What is the anterior area of the brow called?

A

sinciput

56
Q

What is the large diamond shaped fontenelle called? (2 names)

A

anterior (bregma)

57
Q

What is the area between the anterior and posterior fontenelles called?

A

vertex

58
Q

What is the intersection between the posterior cranial sutures called?

A

posterior fontanelle

59
Q

What section is occupied by the occipital bone and underneath the posterior fontanelle?

A

occiput

60
Q

What is the edematous swelling of soft tissue of the scalp called in a fetus? and what causes it?

A

caput succedaneum

result of long difficult labour or vaccum extraction

61
Q

How long does caput succedaneum last for?

A

fluid is reabsorbed within 12 hours to a few days

62
Q

Does caput succedaneum cross suture lines?

A

yes

63
Q

What is the collection of blood resulting from ruptured blood vessels between the surface of the cranial bone and periosteal membrane called? and what causes it?

A

cephalohematoma

caused by a more traumatic birth

64
Q

Does cephalohematoma cross suture lines?

A

no

65
Q

When is cephalohematoma present? and when does it disappear

A

usually appears several hours after delivery

disappears about 6 weeks after delivery

66
Q

What might cephalohematoma increases chances of?

A

jaundice

Nursing 101 - Exam #2 (7 decks)

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