Childbearing Anatomy Flashcards by kelly raper

What hormone influences woman’s monthly cycles?

estrogen

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What part of the body protects the pelvic bone during intercourse?

mons pubis

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What protects underlying structures and is rich in sebacious glands, lubricates?

labia majora

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What is rich in blood and nerves that provide sexual enjoyment? Secretes smegma (odor sexually stimulating for men)?

clitoris

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What lubricates vaginal vestibule facilitating intercourse?

paraurethral glands

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What produces the clear thick alkaline pH that enhances viability and mobility of sperm?

Bartholin’s glands

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What is the wedge shaped area between the vagina and anus called?

perineum

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What are the target organs for estrogen?

ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus

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What shape is the uterus?

pear shaped

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What is the normal position of the uterus? and what is it held in place by?

antiverted

ligaments

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The uterus is divided into two parts. Name these parts.

corpus

isthmus

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Which part of the uterus makes up the upper 2/3?

corpus

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What is the corpus made mostly of?

smooth muscle (myometrium)

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What part of the uterus makes the lower 1/3 and is the site of a c-section?

isthmus

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What is the rounded top of the uterus called?

fundus

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What are the 3 layers of the uterus called?

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

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What is the outermost layer layer called and what is it composed of?

perimetrium

composed of peritoneum

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What is the middle layer of the uterus called? how many parts is it made of?

myometrium

3 parts

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Name 3 functions of the myometrium

continuous with fallopian tubes, vagina and ligaments
helps organs to present in unified reaction during ovulation and orgasm
all layers act as a whole

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What is the outer layer of the myometrium responsible for? what direction are the fibers?

has longitudinal muscles and causes cervical effacement, expels fetus during birth

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What is the middle layer of the myometrium responsible for? what direction are the fibers?

surrounds large blood vessels and acts as a tourniquet to stop bleeding after birth, figure 8 pattern of fibers

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What is the inner layer of the myometrium responsible for? what direction are the fibers?

acts as a sphincter at the at fallopian tubes and internal os of cervix and inhibits expulsion of uterine contents and stretches during dilation in labour, circular pattern of fibers.

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Describe the endometrium?

inner layer of uterus and acts under influence of hormones, is a mucous membrane

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What is the neck of the uterus? how long is it?

cervix

2.5 cm

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What function does the cervix provide? What is the entrance of the cervix made up of?

provides protective entrance to the uterus internal and external os

What function does the internal os provide?

1. mucous secreting glands 2. lubricates vagina 3. bacteriostatic action 4. alkaline environment at ovulation for sperm

Where is the site of fertilization?

fallopian tubes

What are 2 almond shaped structures called?

ovaries

What type of environment does the vagina provide?

acidic environment

What does the pelvic floor support? what is it made of?

1. supports vagina, pelvic viscera and sling for rectum and anus 2. comprised of 6 muscles

What function does the pelvic floor provide during the 2nd stage of labour?

directs the presenting part of the fetus forward under the pubic arch

What part of the vagina does the pelvic floor make up?

1/3 of the posterior part of the vagina

What exercise is important to do to keep the pelvic floor strong?

kegals

What are the benefits of doing Kegals?

1. will help isolate muscles during birth - relax them | 2. decreases stress incontinence and increases sexual pleasure for both parties

What supports the weight of an enlarged pregnant uterus and directs the presenting part of the fetus into the true pelvis? and is located above the pelvic brim?

false pelvis

What is made up of the sacrum, coccyx, ilium, ischium, and pubis bones?

true pelvis

What is important for the passage during labour & delivery?

relationship between true pelvis and presenting part

What are the 3 parts of the true pelvis

pelvic inlet pelvic cavity pelvic outlet

Describe the pelvic inlet

the upper border of true pelvis and is usually rounded

Describe the pelvic cavity

curved canal with longer posterior than anterior wall

Describe the pelvic outlet

lower body of true pelvis, measured by intertuberous diameter and pubic arch

What are the 4 types of pelvis'? and identify if they are favourable shapes for birthing.

1. gynecoid - favourable 2. android - not favourable 3. anthropoid - favourable 4. platypelloid - not favourable

In the android and platypelloid pelvic shapes which way does the baby enter the pelvis?

transverse

What are the 5 bones on a fetus skull?

2 frontal 2 parietal 1 occipital

What is the overlapping of bones called?

molding

What are the membrane spaces between bones on the skull called?

sutures

Where is the frontal suture located?

between the two frontal bones

Where is the sagittal suture located?

between the two parietal bones

Where is the coronal suture located?

between the frontal and parietal bones

Where is the lambdoidal suture located?

between the occipital and parietal bones

What are the fontanelles?

intersections (posterior and anterior) between sutures

Describe the fontanelle in the anterior portion of the fetal skull

large diamond shaped allows for growth of the brain closes at about 18 months of age

Describe the fontanelle in the posterior portion of the fetal skull

triangular shaped | closes at about 8-12 weeks of age

What is the fetal chin called?

mentum

What is the anterior area of the brow called?

sinciput

What is the large diamond shaped fontenelle called? (2 names)

anterior (bregma)

What is the area between the anterior and posterior fontenelles called?

vertex

What is the intersection between the posterior cranial sutures called?

posterior fontanelle

What section is occupied by the occipital bone and underneath the posterior fontanelle?

occiput

What is the edematous swelling of soft tissue of the scalp called in a fetus? and what causes it?

caput succedaneum | result of long difficult labour or vaccum extraction

How long does caput succedaneum last for?

fluid is reabsorbed within 12 hours to a few days

Does caput succedaneum cross suture lines?

yes

What is the collection of blood resulting from ruptured blood vessels between the surface of the cranial bone and periosteal membrane called? and what causes it?

cephalohematoma | caused by a more traumatic birth

Does cephalohematoma cross suture lines?

When is cephalohematoma present? and when does it disappear

usually appears several hours after delivery | disappears about 6 weeks after delivery

What might cephalohematoma increases chances of?

jaundice