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Nursing 101 - Exam #2 > Aging II > Flashcards

Aging II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the top 3 common health problems with the elderly?

A
  1. arthritis
  2. osteoporosis
  3. accidents
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2
Q

What is the difference between a chronic illness vs an acute illness?

A

chronic - long term

acute - sudden; short lived

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3
Q

What does acuity level refer to?

A

how sick someone is

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4
Q

To assess for cognition what are the 3 questions that should be asked

A
  1. name
  2. date and time of day
  3. location
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5
Q

What is the difference between treatment of an illness vs. curing an illness?

A

treatment: management of symptoms

curing - fix the problem

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6
Q

What is arthritis?

A

inflammation of the joints accompanied by pain, stiffness and movement problems

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7
Q

What the common parts of the body affected by arthritis?

A 
hips
knees
ankles
fingers
vertebrae
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8
Q

There is no cure for arthritis. However, can be managed by what?

A

drugs
ROM exercises
weight reduction
joint replacement

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9
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

extensive loss of bone tissue

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10
Q

What is osteoporosis the leading cause in?

A

broken bones in women

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11
Q

How many women does osteoporosis affect?

A

2/3 of women over the age of 60

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12
Q

What causes osteoporosis?

A

deficiencies in:
calcium
estrogen
vitamin D (helps calcium absorb in the intestine)

smoking
lack of exercise

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13
Q

What are some preventions that can be taken to prevent osteoporosis?

A

eating rich foods in calcium
get more exercise
avoid smoking

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14
Q

Estrogen replacement therapy can also be taken as a prevention for osteoporosis. What high risk individuals should not take this and why?

A

those with a history of breast cancer

estrogen can make breast cancer reoccur

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15
Q

Accidents are a common health problem. 618 of every 100,000 people over the age of 65 fracture a hip. What happens to 20% of these people.

A

they die within 12 months due to pneumonia.

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16
Q

What are the two most common accidents?

A

falls and car accidents

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17
Q

What are usually the causes of accidents?

A

sight and hearing

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18
Q

What type of program helps to reduce the risk of falls in elderly adults?

A

exercise

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19
Q

What are the top 3 causes of death in older adults?

A
  1. cancer
  2. heart disease
  3. stroke
20
Q

What is the hardware of the mind that involves speed and accuracy of the processes involving sensory input, visual & motor memory, discrimination, comparison & categorization?

A

cognitive mechanics

21
Q

What are the culture based software programs of the mind that include reading & writing skills, language comprehension & type of knowledge about the self & life skills that help us to master or cope with life?

A

cognitive pragmatics

22
Q

Cognitive mechanics have a strong influence of biology, heredity & health. Is there decline with age likely?

23
Q

Cognitive pragmatics have a strong influence of culture. Is there improvement into old age possible?

24
Q

The speed of processing declines in late adulthood. If someone strokes, lateralization happens? What is this?

A

the healthy side of the brain will compensate to help them get better

25
What are the 5 categories of the multi-dimensional, multi-directional nature of cognition?
1. cognitive mechanics 2. cognitive pragmatics 3. sensory/motor & speed of processing dimensions 4. memory 5. wisdom
26
What are the 3 processes for memory? and describe
1. encoding: registering 2. storage: retaining (short & long term) 3. retrieval: recall or recognition
27
What are the 4 dimensions of memory?
1. episodic memory 2. semantic memory 3. working memory and perceptual speed 4. explicit and implicit memory
28
What type of memory is the retention of information about where & when of life's happenings?
episodic memory
29
What have researchers found with regards to episodic memory in the elderly?
the older the memory, the less accurate it is
30
What type of memory involve's a persons knowledge about the world? does it decline less or more than episodic memory?
semantic memory | declines less than episodic memory
31
What type of memory is described as short term memory as a place for mental work & problem solving?
working memory
32
What is the ability to perform simple perceptual motor tasks such as deciding whether two pairs of two digit or two letter strings are the same or different?
perceptual speed
33
What have researchers found regarding working memory and perceptual speed?
there is a decline in the late adulthood years
34
What is the memory of facts & experiences that individuals consciously know & can state?
explicit memory
35
What is the memory without conscious recollection; it involves skills & routine procedures that are automatically performed (ie. ride a bike, typing)
implicit memory
36
Between explicit and implicit memory, which one is less likely to be affected?
implicit memory
37
What is the memory that allows for the ability to remember where one learned something?
source memory
38
What is the memory that involves remembering to do something in the future?
prospective memory
39
Do either source and prospective memories have the ability to decline? and if so which one?
yes, both can decline in older years
40
What are the two memories where decline occurs primarily?
episodic and working memories
41
Which group of people have been the highest group of brain donors?
Mankato Nuns
42
What defines expert knowledge about practical aspects of life that permits excellent judgment about important matters?
wisdom
43
What does research show regarding wisdom vs. age?
the elderly are no more wise than the young
44
What does wisdom involve?
solving practical problems
45
What are the top 3 links to cognitive functioning?
education work health
46
What do older adults seek to remain competitive in the workforce, learn about societal & technological changes and enhance their self discovery?
education
47
What are some activities that likely benefit the maintenance of cognitive skills in older adults?
1. reading books 2. crossword puzzles 3. going to lectures 4. going to concerts, etc.

Nursing 101 - Exam #2 (7 decks)

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