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Nursing 101 - Exam #2 > Aging II > Flashcards

Aging II Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the top 3 common health problems with the elderly?

A
  1. arthritis
  2. osteoporosis
  3. accidents
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2
Q

What is the difference between a chronic illness vs an acute illness?

A

chronic - long term

acute - sudden; short lived

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3
Q

What does acuity level refer to?

A

how sick someone is

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4
Q

To assess for cognition what are the 3 questions that should be asked

A
  1. name
  2. date and time of day
  3. location
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5
Q

What is the difference between treatment of an illness vs. curing an illness?

A

treatment: management of symptoms

curing - fix the problem

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6
Q

What is arthritis?

A

inflammation of the joints accompanied by pain, stiffness and movement problems

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7
Q

What the common parts of the body affected by arthritis?

A 
hips
knees
ankles
fingers
vertebrae
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8
Q

There is no cure for arthritis. However, can be managed by what?

A

drugs
ROM exercises
weight reduction
joint replacement

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9
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

extensive loss of bone tissue

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10
Q

What is osteoporosis the leading cause in?

A

broken bones in women

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11
Q

How many women does osteoporosis affect?

A

2/3 of women over the age of 60

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12
Q

What causes osteoporosis?

A

deficiencies in:
calcium
estrogen
vitamin D (helps calcium absorb in the intestine)

smoking
lack of exercise

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13
Q

What are some preventions that can be taken to prevent osteoporosis?

A

eating rich foods in calcium
get more exercise
avoid smoking

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14
Q

Estrogen replacement therapy can also be taken as a prevention for osteoporosis. What high risk individuals should not take this and why?

A

those with a history of breast cancer

estrogen can make breast cancer reoccur

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15
Q

Accidents are a common health problem. 618 of every 100,000 people over the age of 65 fracture a hip. What happens to 20% of these people.

A

they die within 12 months due to pneumonia.

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16
Q

What are the two most common accidents?

A

falls and car accidents

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17
Q

What are usually the causes of accidents?

A

sight and hearing

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18
Q

What type of program helps to reduce the risk of falls in elderly adults?

A

exercise

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19
Q

What are the top 3 causes of death in older adults?

A
  1. cancer
  2. heart disease
  3. stroke
20
Q

What is the hardware of the mind that involves speed and accuracy of the processes involving sensory input, visual & motor memory, discrimination, comparison & categorization?

A

cognitive mechanics

21
Q

What are the culture based software programs of the mind that include reading & writing skills, language comprehension & type of knowledge about the self & life skills that help us to master or cope with life?

A

cognitive pragmatics

22
Q

Cognitive mechanics have a strong influence of biology, heredity & health. Is there decline with age likely?

A

yes

23
Q

Cognitive pragmatics have a strong influence of culture. Is there improvement into old age possible?

A

yes

24
Q

The speed of processing declines in late adulthood. If someone strokes, lateralization happens? What is this?

A

the healthy side of the brain will compensate to help them get better

25
Q

What are the 5 categories of the multi-dimensional, multi-directional nature of cognition?

A
  1. cognitive mechanics
  2. cognitive pragmatics
  3. sensory/motor & speed of processing dimensions
  4. memory
  5. wisdom
26
Q

What are the 3 processes for memory? and describe

A
  1. encoding: registering
  2. storage: retaining (short & long term)
  3. retrieval: recall or recognition
27
Q

What are the 4 dimensions of memory?

A
  1. episodic memory
  2. semantic memory
  3. working memory and perceptual speed
  4. explicit and implicit memory
28
Q

What type of memory is the retention of information about where & when of life’s happenings?

A

episodic memory

29
Q

What have researchers found with regards to episodic memory in the elderly?

A

the older the memory, the less accurate it is

30
Q

What type of memory involve’s a persons knowledge about the world? does it decline less or more than episodic memory?

A

semantic memory

declines less than episodic memory

31
Q

What type of memory is described as short term memory as a place for mental work & problem solving?

A

working memory

32
Q

What is the ability to perform simple perceptual motor tasks such as deciding whether two pairs of two digit or two letter strings are the same or different?

A

perceptual speed

33
Q

What have researchers found regarding working memory and perceptual speed?

A

there is a decline in the late adulthood years

34
Q

What is the memory of facts & experiences that individuals consciously know & can state?

A

explicit memory

35
Q

What is the memory without conscious recollection; it involves skills & routine procedures that are automatically performed (ie. ride a bike, typing)

A

implicit memory

36
Q

Between explicit and implicit memory, which one is less likely to be affected?

A

implicit memory

37
Q

What is the memory that allows for the ability to remember where one learned something?

A

source memory

38
Q

What is the memory that involves remembering to do something in the future?

A

prospective memory

39
Q

Do either source and prospective memories have the ability to decline? and if so which one?

A

yes, both can decline in older years

40
Q

What are the two memories where decline occurs primarily?

A

episodic and working memories

41
Q

Which group of people have been the highest group of brain donors?

A

Mankato Nuns

42
Q

What defines expert knowledge about practical aspects of life that permits excellent judgment about important matters?

A

wisdom

43
Q

What does research show regarding wisdom vs. age?

A

the elderly are no more wise than the young

44
Q

What does wisdom involve?

A

solving practical problems

45
Q

What are the top 3 links to cognitive functioning?

A

education
work
health

46
Q

What do older adults seek to remain competitive in the workforce, learn about societal & technological changes and enhance their self discovery?

A

education

47
Q

What are some activities that likely benefit the maintenance of cognitive skills in older adults?

A
  1. reading books
  2. crossword puzzles
  3. going to lectures
  4. going to concerts, etc.

Nursing 101 - Exam #2 (7 decks)

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