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Child Language > Child Reading & Writing > Flashcards

Child Reading & Writing Flashcards

1
Q

What is it called when a child associates speech and writing?

A

phoneme-grapheme correspondence

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2
Q

What is pseudo-reading?

A

Where a baby or young child sits with an adult and is read to.

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3
Q

What does pseudo-reading help?

A

Helps learn the mechanics of books

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4
Q

What does the phonic approach focus on?

A

Focusses on the sound of letters

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5
Q

What is the Synthetic Phonics approach?

A

Individual sounds are divorced from bigger words

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6
Q

In the analytic approach, what two categories are words divided into?

A

Onset and rime

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7
Q

What is onset?

A

The first chunk of a word

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8
Q

What is rime?

A

The second chunk of a word.

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9
Q

In the following word, what bit is the onset?

“Pond”

A

P

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10
Q

In the following word, what bit is the rime?

Pond

A

ond

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11
Q

What is the whole word approach?

A

Teaches children to recognise the word as a whole as opposed to individual sounds. Recognise the shape of words and letters

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12
Q

What does it mean if a text is cohesive?

A

All bits of writing on the page relate to each other

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13
Q

Which two theorists proposed Story Grammar (1979)?

A

Stein and Glenn

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14
Q

In Stein and Glenn’s Story Grammar, what is the setting?

A

The introduction of main characters as well as the time and place for the story action

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15
Q

In Stein and Glenn’s Story Grammar, what is the initiating event?

A

An action or happening that sets up a problem or dilemma for the story

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16
Q

In Stein and Glenn’s Story Grammar, what is the internal response?

A

The protagonist’s reactions to the initiating event

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17
Q

In Stein and Glenn’s Story Grammar, what is the attempt?

A

An action or plan of the protagonist to solve the problem

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18
Q

In Stein and Glenn’s Story Grammar, what is the consequence?

A

The result of the protagonist’s actions

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19
Q

In Stein and Glenn’s Story Grammar, what is the reaction?

A

A response by the protagonist to the consequence

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20
Q

What are the 6 different types of reading cues?

A

-Graphophonic
-Semantic
-Visual
-Syntactic
-Contextual
-Miscue

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21
Q

What type of reading cue is graphophonic?

A

Looking at the shape of words and linking them to familiar graphemes or words to interpret them

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22
Q

What type of reading cue is semantic?

A

Understanding the meanings of words and making connections between words in order to decode new ones

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23
Q

What type of reading cue is visual?

A

Looking at pictures and using the visual narrative to interpret unfamiliar words and ideas

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24
Q

What type of reading cue is syntactic?

A

applying knowledge of a word order and word classes to work out if a words seems right in the context

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25
Q

What type of reading cue is contextual?

A

Searching for understanding in the situation of the story- comparing it to their own experience or their pragmatic understanding of social conventions

26
Q

What type of reading cue is miscue?

A

Making errors when reading: a child might miss a word or substitute another that looks similar, or guess a word from the accompanying pictures.

27
Q

Which is harder to learn, speech or reading & writing?

A

Reading and Writing

28
Q

How many principles does Clay have?

A

4

29
Q

In Clay’s Principles, what is the Recurring Principle?

A

When a child knows only a limited number of letters, they will use these repeatedly to create a message

30
Q

In Clay’s Principles, what is the Directional Principle?

A

They learn that reading and writing goes from left to right and uses a return sweep to start the process again

31
Q

In Clay’s Principles, what is the Generating Principle?

A

The child learns that there are a limited number of letters that combine in different ways. They begin to recognise there are patterns that can be used to convey a message.

32
Q

In Clay’s Principles, what is the Inventory Principle?

A

The child begins to write lists of letters and words that they know as a summary of their own learning.

33
Q

How many principles does Goodman propose?

A

3

34
Q

In Goodman’s Principles, what is the Functional Principle?

A

The notion that writing can serve a purpose and has a function for the writer

35
Q

In Goodman’s Principles, what is the Linguistic Principle?

A

The notion that writing is a system that is organised into words and letters and has directionality.

36
Q

In Goodman’s Principles, what is the Relational Principle?

A

Children start to connect what they write with spoken words and understand that the alphabet carries meaning.

37
Q

How many basic skills for writing are there?

A

10

38
Q

How many stages of writing are there in Barclay’s Stages?

A

7

39
Q

What is the first stage of Barclay’s Seven Stages?

A

Scribbling

40
Q

What is scribbling in Barclay’s Seven Stages?

A

Random marks on the page

41
Q

What is the second stage of Barclay’s Seven Stages?

A

Mock Handwriting

42
Q

What is mock handwriting in Barclay’s Seven Stages?

A

Often appears with drawings (looks like separate lines of writing ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~)

43
Q

What is the third stage of Barclay’s Seven Stages?

A

Mock Letters

44
Q

What is mock letters in Barclay’s Seven Stages?

A

Children make letter-like shapes that resemble conventional alphabet letters

45
Q

What is the fourth stage of Barclay’s Seven Stages?

A

Conventional letters

46
Q

What is conventional letters in Barclay’s Seven Stages?

A

The firs word to appear is usually the child’s first name eg.
BDTISSYNQLHJISSYNMFT

47
Q

What is the fifth stage of Barclay’s Seven Stages?

A

Invented spelling

48
Q

What is Invented Spelling in Barclay’s Seven Stages?

A

As the child writes conventional letters, they begin to cluster letters to make words eg.

LMND PQRT LDS FHUI

49
Q

What is the sixth stage of Barclay’s Seven Stages?

A

Approximated/phonetic spelling

50
Q

What is approximated/phonetic spelling in Barclay’s Seven Stages?

A

Children begin to associate sounds with the letters eg BRD for bird

51
Q

What is the seventh stage of Barclay’s Seven Stages?

A

Conventional Spelling

52
Q

What is conventional spelling in Barclay’s Seven Stages?

A

This occurs as the child’s approximated spellings become more and more conventional

53
Q

How many phases of learning to write did Kroll propose?

A

4

54
Q

What is the first phase of Kroll’s Phases?

A

Preparatory Stage

55
Q

What is Preparatory Stage in Kroll’s phases?

A

-Child masters the basic motor skills needed to write
-Child learns the basic principles of the spelling system

56
Q

What is the second phase of Kroll’s phases?

A

Consolidation Stage

57
Q

What is Consolidation Stage in Kroll’s phases?

A

-Child writes in the same way it speaks
-Use short declarative sentences which include mainly ‘and’ conjunctions
-Incomplete sentences as they don’t know how to finish the sentence off

58
Q

What is the third phase of Kroll’s Phases?

A

Differentiation Stage

59
Q

What is Differentiation Stage in Kroll’s phases?

A

-Child becomes aware of the difference between speaking and writing
-Child recognises the different writing styles available
-Child makes lots of mistakes
-Writing guides and frameworks are provided to structure work
-Child writing tends to reflect thoughts and feelings

60
Q

What is the fourth phase of Kroll’s Phases?

A

Integration Stage

61
Q

What is Integration Stage in Kroll’s phases?

A

-Child develops a personal style
-Child understands you can change your style according to audience and purpose

Child Language (5 decks)

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