Child Language Flashcards
Imaginative language is
Language is used to tell stories and jokes and to create an imaginary environment
What was the order in which Brown found inflections to be most commonly acquired in?
1) ing
2) plural ‘s’
3) possessive ‘s’
4) the, a
5) past tense ed
6) third person singular endings e.g. He singS
7) The auxiliary verb ‘to be’
What difference in language can a baby recognise pre birth?
It can recognise the difference between its own language and other languages. This has been explained by differences in rhythm and intonation
Personal language is
This is the use of language to express feelings, opinions and individual identity e.g. Me good girl
Cruttenden 1979 divided inflectional acquisition into 3 stages, what were they?
1) children memorise words on an individual basis
2) awareness of rules is shown in terms of plurals but this can lead to overgeneralisation e.g. ‘They runned’
3) correct inflections are used
Between what ages did Brown (1973) investigate children’s language?
20-36 months
Representational language is
The use of language to convey facts and information
What is the order of the stages in child language development?
1) cooing
2) babbling
3) holophrase
4) two word
5) telegraphic
6) post-telegraphic
What is phonemic expansion?
The 1st of babbling, where a child’s range of phonemes expands
Features of the Post-Telegraphic stage
- Determiners are used correctly
- Sentences with more than one clause start to be used
- Coordinating conjunctions begin to be used
- Inflectional affixes begin to be acquired
What is addition?
Adding a vowel sound to create a CVCV (consonant, vowel, consonant, vowel) word
By 36 months how many words will be in a child’s active vocabulary?
2000
Heuristic language is
Language used to gain knowledge about the environment e.g. ‘What is that tractor doing’
How long before birth do a baby’s ear bones form?
6 months
At 9-10 months there is then a reduction in the range of phonemes used, what is this called?
Phonemic contraction
What has research shown about parents abilities to decipher the cries of babies?
That they can do it regardless of the nationality of the baby. They can also identify different types of cry from a baby e.g. Angry, hungry
What is variegated babbling?
Variations in the constants and vowels produced e.g. Manamoo
This occurs after reduplicated babbling
What is the most important language development stage of a babies first year and when does it start and end?
Babbling 6-12 months
What did Jacques Melher find out and when?
In 1988 found that babies could distinguish between French and other languages at 4 days old. Although his evidence was that they sucked their dummies more vigorously when they hear French
When does a baby usually say their first word?
At the end of their first year
What is cognitive language acquisition theory and who coined it?
It was coined by Jean Piaget: children develop their linguistic competence alongside their ability to understand the world around them
Rescoria 1980 noted 3 forms of overextension, what were they?
1) categorical overextension e.g. The hyponym ‘apple’ is taken to stand for the hypernym ‘fruit’
2) Analogically overextension- extending a label by linking similar actions e.g.calling a cat a scarf because they can both be stroked
3) mismatch or predicate statements- statements which convey some form of abstract information e.g. Referring to a cot as doll. Because the doll is often in the cot
What did Del Hyme talk about?
Communicative competence- all the skills associated with communication
What’s overextension?
Applying a label to more objects than it should have e.g. Referring to all 4 legged animals as ‘doggy’
Name 3 examples of deletion
1) final consonants dropped
2) unstressed syllables deleted
3) consonant clusters are reduced
What did Bloom 1973 conclude about the two word stage?
It is extremely ambiguous e.g. Mummy sock
Could mean that it is the mothers sock or that the baby wants its mother to put their socks on
