Child Lang Aq

Question 1

Atchison’s three developmental processes?

Answer 1

1. Labelling - linking sound to an object
2. Packaging - understanding the range of meaning for words
3. Network building - making connections between words e, synonyms and antonyms

Question 2

When does the holophrastic stage occur and what is its main characteristic?

Answer 2

1-2 years

single word used to express a complete idea

Question 3

What is object permanence and who developed the idea?

Answer 3

Paiget

There is a stage where children understand that when an object is not longer in their immediate vision, it still exists. At this stage their vocab increases hugely

Question 4

What are Rescorla’s two types of overextension?

Answer 4

• Categorical (things in a similar category)

- Analogical (things that relate to each other eg, hat and head)

Question 5

What does seriation mean and who developed the idea?

Answer 5

Piaget

A point at which a child can tell the difference between objects in regards to size, at this point their vocabulary allows for words like “bigger” and “smaller”.

Question 6

Define hypernym and hyponym.

Answer 6

hypernym = the category 
hyponym = the item

Question 7

Define overextension.

Answer 7

when a child extends the meaning of a word

Question 8

Define underextension.

Answer 8

the use of a word in a limited way which does not recognise its full meaning

Question 9

What is the innateness theory and who is most associated with it?

Answer 9

Noam Chomsky

The theory that a child’s brain contains a special language-learning mechanisms (LAD - language aquisition device) at birth

Question 10

What’s the behaviorist theory and who is most associated with it?

Answer 10

Skinner

Children imitate adults, correct utterances are reinforced when they get what they want or are praised

Question 11

What is the interaction theory and who is most associated with it?

Answer 11

Bruner

The interaction between children and caregivers helps them learn language

Question 12

What is the cognitive theory and who is most associated with it?

Answer 12

Piaget

Language is just an aspect of a child’s overall intellectual development.

Question 13

Who studies the “fis” “fish” and what theory developed as a result?

Answer 13

Berko and Brown

comprehension vs production theory

Question 14

Who developed the “wug” test and which theory does it support?

Answer 14

Berko

Supports Chomsky’s innateness

Question 15

What are the first three inflections a child will acquire and who made this observation?

Answer 15

Brown

1. present participle “ing”
2. plural “s”
3. possessive “s”

Question 16

What is the order of acquisition of language?

Answer 16

1. holophrastic stage
2. two-word stage
3. telegraphic

Question 17

Three types of phonological simplification.

Answer 17

1. Deletion dropping a consonant (especially at the end)
2. Substitution (replacing a consonant with one that’e easier to say)
3. Cluster reduction (dropping a consonant when there are too many in a word)

Question 18

Halliday’s seven functions of children’s language.

Answer 18

• instrumental
• regulatory
• interactional
• personal
• heuristic
• imaginative
• representational

Question 19

When does the telegraphic stage usually occur?

Answer 19

2-3 years

Question 20

What are Piaget’s stages and when do they occur?

Answer 20

1. Sensory motor stage 0-2
2. Pre-operational stage 2-7
3. Concrete operational Stage 7-11
4. Formal operational stage 11-16

Question 21

What happens at the sensory motor stage (Paiget)

Answer 21

Marked by gaining an understanding of object permanence

Children are reflexive

Question 22

What happens at the pre-operational stage?

Answer 22

egocentric

memory and imagination
lack concept of conservation - the idea that thing remain the same size/volume when they change container
‘animism’ - a child believes that everything that exists has some kind of conscience
‘moral realism’ they think their way of thinking is shared by everyone else

Question 23

What happens at the concrete operational stage?

Answer 23

seriation
less egocentric
difficult to grasp abstract and hypothetical
can begin to see other’s views
conveys concrete facts rather than mental concepts
some people never pass from this stage

Question 24

What happens at the formal operational stage?

Answer 24

‘hypothetical deductive reasoning’ and abstract thought
can debate abstract concepts
can understand multiple solutions to a problem

Question 25

What did Vygotsky believe about development?

Answer 25

That it is a continuous process starting at birth and ending at death. Cannot be divided into stages.

Question 26

What are Vygotskys three purposes of speech usage in order of when they occur?

Answer 26

1. Language is primarily used for conversation
2. Language is used as ‘private speech’ to think out loud
3. Inner speech is used

Question 27

What is the zone of proximal development?

Answer 27

It is the category of tasks that a child can do, but only with guidance, they are developing so it will later become a task they can do themselves.

Question 28

Nelson’s categories of first words.

Answer 28

1. Classes of objects
2. specific objects
3. Actions/events
4. Modifying things
5. Personal/social

Question 29

Who coined the phrase “poverty of stimulus”?

Answer 29

Chomsky