Child Lang Aq Flashcards
Atchison’s three developmental processes?
- Labelling - linking sound to an object
- Packaging - understanding the range of meaning for words
- Network building - making connections between words e, synonyms and antonyms
When does the holophrastic stage occur and what is its main characteristic?
1-2 years
single word used to express a complete idea
What is object permanence and who developed the idea?
Paiget
There is a stage where children understand that when an object is not longer in their immediate vision, it still exists. At this stage their vocab increases hugely
What are Rescorla’s two types of overextension?
- Categorical (things in a similar category)
- Analogical (things that relate to each other eg, hat and head)
What does seriation mean and who developed the idea?
Piaget
A point at which a child can tell the difference between objects in regards to size, at this point their vocabulary allows for words like “bigger” and “smaller”.
Define hypernym and hyponym.
hypernym = the category hyponym = the item
Define overextension.
when a child extends the meaning of a word
Define underextension.
the use of a word in a limited way which does not recognise its full meaning
What is the innateness theory and who is most associated with it?
Noam Chomsky
The theory that a child’s brain contains a special language-learning mechanisms (LAD - language aquisition device) at birth
What’s the behaviorist theory and who is most associated with it?
Skinner
Children imitate adults, correct utterances are reinforced when they get what they want or are praised
What is the interaction theory and who is most associated with it?
Bruner
The interaction between children and caregivers helps them learn language
What is the cognitive theory and who is most associated with it?
Piaget
Language is just an aspect of a child’s overall intellectual development.
Who studies the “fis” “fish” and what theory developed as a result?
Berko and Brown
comprehension vs production theory
Who developed the “wug” test and which theory does it support?
Berko
Supports Chomsky’s innateness
What are the first three inflections a child will acquire and who made this observation?
Brown
- present participle “ing”
- plural “s”
- possessive “s”
What is the order of acquisition of language?
- holophrastic stage
- two-word stage
- telegraphic
Three types of phonological simplification.
- Deletion dropping a consonant (especially at the end)
- Substitution (replacing a consonant with one that’e easier to say)
- Cluster reduction (dropping a consonant when there are too many in a word)
Halliday’s seven functions of children’s language.
- instrumental
- regulatory
- interactional
- personal
- heuristic
- imaginative
- representational
When does the telegraphic stage usually occur?
2-3 years
What are Piaget’s stages and when do they occur?
- Sensory motor stage 0-2
- Pre-operational stage 2-7
- Concrete operational Stage 7-11
- Formal operational stage 11-16
What happens at the sensory motor stage (Paiget)
Marked by gaining an understanding of object permanence
Children are reflexive
What happens at the pre-operational stage?
egocentric
memory and imagination
lack concept of conservation - the idea that thing remain the same size/volume when they change container
‘animism’ - a child believes that everything that exists has some kind of conscience
‘moral realism’ they think their way of thinking is shared by everyone else
What happens at the concrete operational stage?
seriation
less egocentric
difficult to grasp abstract and hypothetical
can begin to see other’s views
conveys concrete facts rather than mental concepts
some people never pass from this stage
What happens at the formal operational stage?
‘hypothetical deductive reasoning’ and abstract thought
can debate abstract concepts
can understand multiple solutions to a problem
What did Vygotsky believe about development?
That it is a continuous process starting at birth and ending at death. Cannot be divided into stages.
What are Vygotskys three purposes of speech usage in order of when they occur?
- Language is primarily used for conversation
- Language is used as ‘private speech’ to think out loud
- Inner speech is used
What is the zone of proximal development?
It is the category of tasks that a child can do, but only with guidance, they are developing so it will later become a task they can do themselves.
Nelson’s categories of first words.
- Classes of objects
- specific objects
- Actions/events
- Modifying things
- Personal/social
Who coined the phrase “poverty of stimulus”?
Chomsky
