child health

Question 1

target sign on USS

Answer 1

intussuscpetion

Question 1

child drags knees up to chest to releive pain

Answer 1

intussusception

Question 2

child under 3 months with fever >38

Answer 2

admit to hospital

Question 3

white spots on buccal mucosa + rash that starts behind ear

Answer 3

measles

Question 5

what are some complications of measles

Answer 5

-otitis media
-pneumonia
-encephalitis
-subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Question 6

what ratio chest compressions in a child (over 1)

Answer 6

if ur alone: 30:2
if someone else there: 15:2
(at a rate of 100-120/min)

Question 7

what murmur for pulmonary stenosis

Answer 7

ejection systolic

Question 8

Cyanosis or collapse in first month of life, hypercyanotic spells. Ejection systolic murmur at left sternal edge

Answer 8

tetralogy of fallot

Question 9

where do u check for pulse in infants

Answer 9

brachial and femoral

Question 10

which part of CNS damaged in spastic cerebral palsy

Answer 10

UMN in periventricular white matter

Question 11

child with high fever, which subsides and then they get a rash

Answer 11

roseola infantum

Question 12

koplik spots, rash that starts on face, generally unwell child

Answer 12

measles

Question 13

what virus causes roseola infantum

Answer 13

human herpes virus 6

Question 14

ventricular septal defect murmur

Answer 14

pansystolic murmur in lower left sternal border

Question 15

coarctation of the aorta murmur

Answer 15

crescendo-decrescendo murmur in the upper left sternal border

Question 16

patent ductus arteriosus murmur

Answer 16

diastolic machinery murmur in the upper left sternal border

Question 17

pulmonary stenosis murmur

Answer 17

ejection systolic murmur in the upper left sternal border

Question 18

what drugs taken during pregnancy can cause cleft lip

Answer 18

anti-epileptics

Question 19

what does human herpes 2 cause

Answer 19

genital herpes

Question 20

A baby is born with micrognathia, low-set ears, rocker bottom feet and overlapping of fingers

Answer 20

Edwards

Question 21

what do u do if child presents with transient synovitis but has a fever

Answer 21

admit to hopsital for assessment
-concerned about sepsis

Question 22

management of eczema in children

Answer 22

-avoid irritants
-simple emollients
-topical steroids
-wet wrapping

Question 23

what underlying condition makes bronchiolitis more severe

Answer 23

-bronchopulmonary dysplasia (premature)
-congenital heart disease
-cystic fibrosis

Question 24

what drug is used to maintain patent ductus arteriosus open in patients with another congenital heart defect about to go to surgery

Answer 24

prostaglandin E1 - alprostadil

Question 25

what is a positive heel prick test

Answer 25

raised immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) -CF

Question 26

presentation of mumps

Answer 26

Fever, malaise, muscular pain Parotitis ('earache', 'pain on eating'): unilateral initially then becomes bilateral in 70%

Question 27

presentation of rubella

Answer 27

Rash: pink maculopapular, initially on face before spreading to whole body, usually fades by the 3-5 day Lymphadenopathy: suboccipital and postauricular

Question 28

presentation of erythema infectiosum (slapped cheek) and what causes it

Answer 28

parovirus B19 Lethargy, fever, headache 'Slapped-cheek' rash spreading to proximal arms and extensor surfaces

Question 29

what's chondromalacia patellae

Answer 29

Softening of the cartilage of the patella Common in teenage girls Characteristically anterior knee pain on walking up and down stairs and rising from prolonged sitting Usually responds to physiotherapy

Question 30

what is Osgood-Schlatter disease

Answer 30

Seen in sporty teenagers Pain, tenderness and swelling over the tibial tubercle aka tibial apophysitis

Question 31

what is osteochondritis dissecans

Answer 31

pain after exercising intermittent swelling and locking -when a peice of bone and cartilage under the joint separates from the joint and dies due to lack of blood flow

Question 32

children under 3 years with acute limp

Answer 32

immediate referral to hospital for assessment

Question 33

treatement of meningitis in under 3 months

Answer 33

amox and cefotaxime -cannot give dexamethasone

Question 34

what causes acute epiglottitis

Answer 34

haemophilus influenza type B

Question 35

swelling on babies head that does not cross the suture lines

Answer 35

cephalohaematoma

Question 36

commonest cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

Answer 36

minimal change

Question 37

management of neonatal hypoglycaemia

Answer 37

if asymptomatic: -encourage normal breastfeeding and monitor glucose if symptomatic or very low BG: - admit to neonatal and IV 10% dextrose

Question 38

in a head injury, how many episodes of vomiting grant a CT head within 1 hour

Answer 38

3

Question 39

what is preterm birth

Answer 39

<37 weeks

Question 40

what drug closes PDA

Answer 40

paracetamol, aspirin or indomethacin

Question 41

when would u close a PDA (not wait for it to close itself)

Answer 41

PRETERM - haemodynamically significant or still on ventilator afetr 1 weeks TERM -moderate or large ΡDA -prior episode of endocarditis -small audible PDΑ