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Block 5- Kim > Child Developmental Theories > Flashcards

Child Developmental Theories Flashcards

1
Q

What is Piaget’s Stage Model of Cognitive Development concerned with?

What are the stages?

A

The development of a person’s thought process & how these influence how we undertand & interact w/ world

  1. Sensorimotor
  2. Preoperational
  3. Concrete Operational
  4. Formal Operational
    5.
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2
Q

What is Piaget’s Sensorimotor stage?

A

0-2yrs

Knowledge limited by: Sensory perceptions or Motor Activities

Behaviours limited to simple motor response to sensory stimuli

Object Permanance: When an infant knowns an object exits when it’s hidden

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3
Q

What is Piaget’s Preoperation stage?

A

2-7yrs

Child learns to use language

Children think symbolically but don’t understand concrete logic- cannot mentally manipulate information & unable to take other’s POV

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4
Q

What is Piaget’s Concrete Operation stage?

A

7-11yrs

Better understanding of mental operations

Begin to think logically about concrete events- difficulty understanding abstract or hypothetical concepts

Begin to conserve: mass, numbers, weight (understanding that something stays the same in quantity even though it’s appearance changes)

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5
Q

What is Piaget’s formal operational?

A

12- adulthood

Ability to think abstractly

Logical thought, deductive reasoning, systematic planning emerge

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6
Q

Ericcson’s Model of Pscyhsocial Development

is concered with?

A

Personailty develops in a series of stages

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7
Q

What are Ericcson’s Stages?

A
  1. Trust Vs Mistrust
  2. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
  3. Initiative vs Guilt
  4. Industry vs Inferiority
  5. Identity vs Confusion
  6. Intimacy vs Isolation
  7. Generatively vs Stagnation
  8. Integrity vs Despair
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8
Q

What is Ericcson’s First Stage?

A

Trust vs Mistrust:

0-1yrs

Baby is totally dependant on caregiver- developing trust is based upon dependability & quality of baby’s caregiver

Successful –> Develop trust (feel safe & secure)

If caregiver fails to provide adequate care/love –> not trusing adults in later life (world is inconsistent & unpredictable)

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9
Q

What is Ericcson’s Second stage?

A

Autonomy vs Shame and guilt

Early childhood

Start performing basic actions autonomously

Allowing children to make choices & gain control helps develop sense of autonomy

eg: Toilet training. Successful completion –> feeling secure & confident. Failure –> Inadequacy & Self Doubt

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10
Q

What is Ericcosons third stage?

A

Initiative vs Guilt

Preschool yrs

Assert power & control through directing play & other social interactions

Success: Capable & able to lead others

Failure: Guilt, Self Doubt, Lack initiative

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11
Q

What is Ericcson’s fourth stage?

A

Industry vs Inferiority

5-11yrs

Through social interactions children develop sense of pride in accomplishments & abilities. If encouraged/ commended by teacher/ parents –> Competence (belief in abilities)

No enouragement –> Doubt abilities to be successful

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12
Q

What is Ericcson’s 5th stage?

A

Identity vs Confusion

Teenage yrs

Develop personal identity which influences behaviour & development for rest of a person’s life

Adolescence: Explore independence & develop sense of self

Proper enouragament & reinforcement through personal exploration –> Strong sense of self, independence & control

Unsure of beliefs & desires –> Insecure, confused about themselves & future

Personal identity shaped by experiences & interactions w/ others

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13
Q

What is Ericcson’s 6th stage?

A

Intimacy & Isolation

Early adulthood

Exploring personal relationships

Success –> Enduring and secure relationships

Remember: Each stage builds on skills learnt in previous stage

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14
Q

What does ‘Kohlberg’s Moral developmental stages’ believe?

A

People progress in moral reasoning

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15
Q

What are the 3 Levels of Kohlbergs?

A
  • Preconventional:
    • 1: Obedience & Punishment
    • 2: Individualism, Instrumentalism & Exchange
  • Conventional:
    • 3: Good boy/ girl
    • 4: Law & Order
  • Post Conventional
    • 5:Social Contract
    • 6:Principled Conscience
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16
Q

What is Kohlberg’s first level?

A

Preconventional

Found in primary school

1st Level (Obedience and punishment): People behave according to socially acceptable norms because they are told to by authority figure. Compelled by threat/ punishment application

2st Level (Individualism, Instrumentalism & Exchange): Right behaviour is acting in one’s own best interests

17
Q

What is Kohlberg’s Second level?

A

Generally found in society- attained by adolesence

3- Good boy/ Girl: Attitude that seeks to gain approval of others

2- Law and Order: Abiding the law & Moral sense of Obligation

18
Q

What is Kohlberg’s third level?

A

Post Conventional- Not reached by majority of adults

5- Social Contract: Understanding of social mutuality & genuine interest in other’s welfare

6-Principled Conscience: Respect for universal principles and demands of individual conscience

19
Q

What are Bibace & Walsh (1980) Children’s explanations of illness stages?

A

2-4yrs: Phenomenism

4-7yrs: Contagion

7-9yrs: Contamination

9-11yrs Internalisation

11-16yrs: Physiological

16+: Psychophysiological

20
Q

What is Bibace & Walsh Children’s explanation of illness first stage?

A

2-4yrs - Phenomenism

Particular objects are believed to cause illness but there is no sense in the mechanism invovled

21
Q

What is Bibace & Walsh Children’s explanation of illness second stage?

A

4-7yrs: Contagion

Illness is caused by proximity to a particular object

22
Q

What is Bibace & Walsh Children’s explanation of illness third stage?

A

7-9yrs- Contamination

Illness is cause by physical contact with an ill person & may be viewed as punishment for behaviour

23
Q

What is Bibace & Walsh Children’s explanation of illness fourth stage?

A

9-11yrs- Internalisation

Illness is located within body but may be caused by external factors eg: people get colds from being cold

24
Q

What is Bibace & Walsh Children’s explanation of illness fifth stage?

A

11-16yrs- Physiological

Illness is caused by malfunctions in organs or due to systems which may be due to infection

25
Q

What is Bibace & Walsh Children’s explanation of illness sixth stage?

A

16+- Psychophysiological:

Psychological factors eg: stress & fatigue can affect physiological processes rather than be an outcome

Block 5- Kim (12 decks)

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