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Child Health > Child Conditions > Flashcards

Child Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of Pyloric Stenosis

A

PROJECTILE (non-bile stained) vomit

Typically occurs after each meal

Constant hunger

Weight loss

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2
Q

Risk factors of Pyloric Stenosis

A

Boys

First borns

Family history

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3
Q

Pyloric Stenosis Ix

A

Pyloric mass or ‘olive’ palpable in RUQ

Ultrasound

Barium meal

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4
Q

Pyloric Mx

A

IV fluid for resuscitation and to correct electrolytes

Pyloromyotomy (muscle, but not mucosa of pylorus is cut)

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5
Q

Gastroenteritis symptoms

A

-Infective diarrhoea and vomit

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6
Q

Causes of Gastroenteritis in kids?

A

Rotavirus

Adenovirus

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7
Q

Causes of bloody diarrhoea?

A

Bacterial

Campylobacter

Shigella

Intussusception

IBD

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8
Q

Toddler diarrhoea classic presentation?

A

‘Pea and carrots syndrome’ (presence of undigested veg in the stools)

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9
Q

Underlying cause of toddler diarrhoea?

A

Delay in intestinal motility

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10
Q

Malabsorption symptoms

A

Anaemia

Abnormal stools (difficult to flush and very smelly)

Diarrhoea

Abdominal protrusion

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11
Q

Coeliac disease symptoms

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Abnormal stools

Abdominal distension

Buttock wasting

Irritable

<2 years

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12
Q

Pathology behind coeliac

A

Villus atrophy –> Flat mucosa

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13
Q

Coeliac diagnosis

A

Jejunal biopsy (will confirm villus atrophy)

Screen for autoantibodies:

IgA, Anti-reticulum, Anti endomysium

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14
Q

Coeliac Mx

A

Gluten free diet

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15
Q

Common protein intolerances

A

Cow’s milk

Soya

Wheat

Fish

Chicken eggs

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16
Q

Describe Hirschsprung’s Disease

A

A condition that affects the large intestine (colon) and causes problems with passing stool.

The condition is present at birth (congenital) as a result of missing nerve cells (parasympathetics) in the muscles of the baby’s colon

17
Q

Symptoms of Hirschspring’s Disease

A

Failure to pass stool in first 48 hours of life

Abdominal distension

Bile stained vomit

18
Q

Hirschsprung’s Disease Ix

Findings of Ix

A

PR exam

On withdrawal of finger, a gush of liquid stools and flatus

19
Q

How do you treat Hirschsprung’s Disease?

A

Surgery

20
Q

Presentation of tracheo-oesophageal fistula?

A

Chronic cough since birth

Nasal regurgitation

Recurrent aspiration pneumonia

Cough and cyanosis when feeding

21
Q

Child has a history of becoming unwell (i.e with chest infection) and getting mild jaundice which resolves once the infection clears.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Gilbert’s syndrome

22
Q

Intussception symptoms

A

Recurrent jelly like stools

Palpable sausage shaped mass

Vomiting (could be bilious)

Episodic colicky abdo pain

23
Q

Is intussception most likely to affect boys or girls

A

boys

24
Q

Physiology of Intussception

A

Part of the bowel (usually the ileoceacal valve) has invaded into the next part of the bowel further on

25
Q

Where is the most common site for duodenal atesia to present?

A

Second part of the duodenum

26
Q

Characteristic appearance of a duodenal atresia on X-ray

A

Double bubble and no gas in bowel distally

27
Q

How do you treat duodenal atresia?

A

NG tube

IV fluids

28
Q

What is biliary atresia?

A

Failure of biliary tract to develop

Conjugated bilirubin accumulates in blood (it has been produced but it has no way of entering the gut)

Causes jaundice & pale stools

29
Q

Ix Biliary atresia

A

Abdo USS

Liver biopsy

30
Q

When would necrotising enterocolitis usually present?

A

Babies in their first week of life

31
Q

Symptoms of necrotising enetrocolitis

A

Pass blood

Pass mucous

Distended abdomen

Perforation

32
Q

Ix Necrotising Enterocolitis

A

Stool cultures

Abdominal X-ray

33
Q

Treatment of Necrotising Entercolitis

A

Stop feeding orally

Broad spec antibiotics

Parenteral nutrition

Surgery

34
Q

Long term complications of necrotising entercolitis?

A

Malabsoprtion

Strictures

Child Health (5 decks)

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