Child and infant nutrition Flashcards
1
Q
Nutrition in infancy
A
- Infancy= 1st year
- High nutritional requirements
- Birth weight doubled at 6 months & tripled at 1yr
- Length increases by 50% in 1st year
- Optimal nutrition is important due to
- Low nutritional stores
- Rapid growth & development
- Immature body systems
- Effect on long term health
2
Q
Infant nutritional requirements
A
3
Q
Average feeding patterns
A
- Demand feeding is recommended
- Infants over 2.5kg- 8 feeds 3 hourly
- Infants over 3.5kg - 6 feeds 4 hourly
- Infants over 4k- 5 feeds 4 hourly (night feed dropped)
- Once solids established usually have 3-4 larger feeds per day
4
Q
Average weight gain
A
- Weight loss in 1st 5-7 days of life
- If >10% needs further assessment
5
Q
Growth charts
A
- Allow comparison between a child’s measurements and normal range of measurements
- Weighted at birth, 2 weeks, 6-8 week check, at immunisation and if there are weight concerns
- Would need further assessment if
- Weight crossed 2 centile spaces
- Weight was below 0.4th centile or above 99.6th centile
- If there was more than 2 centiles difference between weight and length centiles
6
Q
Choices: infant nutrition
Breast v formula
A
7
Q
Breastfeeding
Advantages of breast feeding to infants
A
- Ideal nutritional composition, high bioavailability
- Protective- reduced infection, allergic disease
- Psychological/bounding benefits
- Long term health benefits
8
Q
Breast feeding
Advantages of breast feeding to mother
A
- Inexpensive & convenient
- Psychological/bonding benefits
- Faster uterine contraction & loss of pregnancy wgt
- Long term health benefits
9
Q
Initiating and supporting breastfeeding
A
- First feed soon after birth/skin to skin contact
- Good positioning and attachment
- Baby-led/ demand feeding, no treats, dummies or othe oral diet
- Support- health visitor, national childbirth trust, midwives
10
Q
Infant feeding survey
A
- 1 in 3 mothers still breastfeeding at 6 months in 2010 compared with 1 in 4 mothers in 2005
- Initial breastfeeding rate increased from 76% in 2005 to 81% in 2010
11
Q
Infant formula
A
- Most infants have formula at some point
- Must comply with detailed UK regulations
- Compositions vary little between brands
- Manufactures may add non-nutritient factors e.g. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, nucleotides and probiotics
- Preparing formula
- All formula- 1 level sccop add 30 ml of boild and cooled water
12
Q
Standard infant formula
A
13
Q
Alternative formula
A
14
Q
Specialist formula
A
- Preterm formula should usually be stopped at 6 months corrected age
- The growth of an infant on a high energy formula should be monitored by a health care professional and stopped when appropriate growth achieved
15
Q
Complementary feeding
A
- Breastfeeding is the best form of nutrition for infants. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the 6 months of an infant life
- The introduction of solid food should commence no later than 6 months of age but not before four months