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PEDO Quiz 1 (post Midterm)-- Fall > Child Abuse and Neglect > Flashcards

Child Abuse and Neglect Flashcards

1
Q

Where can dentists/physicians report cases or suspected abuse and neglect

A

social services or law enforcement

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2
Q

In what states are dentists and physicians obligated to report cases of suspected abuse/neglect

A

all 50

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3
Q

What is abuse

A

Either through an action or failing to act causes injury, death, emotional harm or risk of serious harm to the child

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4
Q

How many cases of abuse/neglect are reported in the US per year

A

3 million

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5
Q

Is it still abuse if the caregiver doesn’t mean to cause an injury

A

yes if the child is injured it is abuse

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6
Q

t/f physical discipline from a parent that doesn’t injure or impair the child is not abuse

A

t

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7
Q

Know these clues for abuse

A
  • Won’t explain the kid’s injury or will in a way that doesn’t make sense
  • Aggressive behavior towards the child
  • Suggests the child is a liar
  • Delays/prevents medical care
  • Takes child to different doctors/hospitals
  • Keeps child from school
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8
Q

What are the top three leading causes of death in kid

A
  • Accidents (unintentional injuries)
  • Cogenital malorfations
  • Homocide/Assult **
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9
Q

What kids are at the greatest risk for abuse

A

kids with disabilities

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10
Q

How common are craniofacial head face and neck injuries in child abuse

A

present in more than half the cases

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11
Q

What are the 4 most common sites of oral injury

A
  • Lips
  • Oral mucosa
  • Teeth
  • Gingiva
  • Tongue
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12
Q

Torn labial frenums are commonly seen when

A

8-18 months when kids are learning to walk

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13
Q

Posterior pharyngeal or retropharyngeal injuries can be caused by

A

Getting hit/falling with and object in their mouth

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14
Q

Grip marks may be consistent with oral injuries suggesting

A

forced feeding

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15
Q

_% of physical abuse involves burns

A

10

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16
Q

Burns can be the result of

A
  • forced ingestion

- cigarettes (uniform shape circular and punched out lesion)

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17
Q

What bruising signs are suggestive of abuse

A
  • bruises in clusters
  • Uniform shape
  • Different stages of healing
  • In areas unlikely to bruise (common near bony prominences)
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18
Q

Bruising on the wrists and ankles may suggest

A

self-inflicted harm

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19
Q

Bruising on the neck may be from

A

chocking (this site= rarely accidental)

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20
Q

Bruising on the ear may be from

A

being pulled by the ear (this site= rarely accidental)

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21
Q

Know how to distinguish accident from abuse

A
  • Story consistent with injury and child developmental capabilities
  • Timing corresponds
  • Shape of injury
  • Multiple injuries at different stages of healing
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22
Q

Bruising in _ areas is uncommon, they are more common _

A

soft tissue areas (i.e cheeks)…. bony prominences (i.e the cheekbone and forehead)

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23
Q

Know these for concerns

A
  • Injuries to both sides of the body
  • Injuries to soft tissues
  • Injuries with particular patterns
  • Any injury that doesn’t fit the explanation
  • Delays presentation of untreated injury
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24
Q

Impetigo is often mistaken for what form of abuse

A

cigarette burn

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25
Q

Birthmarks (i.e hemangioma and mongolian blue spots) can be mistaken for

A

bruising

26
Q

Conjunctivitis can be mistaken for

A

trauma

27
Q

Children who are said to bruise easily should be screened for what

A

bleeding disorder

28
Q

What are the rules of parental disciple or corporal punishment

A
  • should only use hands
  • strike on buttocks, legs, arms, NOT the face
  • Only strike hard enough to discourage behavior
  • > 1 strike is parental frustration
  • Other punishments should be utilized before corporal punishment
  • Must be being punished for disciplinary/educational reasons not out of anger or parent gratification
  • Does the child have the mental capacity to understand why they are being punished
29
Q

Sexual abuse includes

A
  • Non-contact abuse
  • Making a child view a sex act
  • making a child view/show sex organs
  • Inappropriate sexual talk
  • Contact abuse
  • Fondling and oral sex
  • Penetration
  • Making children perform a sex act
  • Exploitation
  • Child prostitution/porn
30
Q

Signs of sexual abuse in parent

A
  • fails to supervise child
  • Unstable adult presence
  • jealous/possessive
  • sexual relationships troubled
  • parent relies on child for emotional support
31
Q

What are the physical signs of sexual abuse

A
  • difficulty sitting, walking, bowel movements
  • bleeding, bruising, pain, swelling, itching genital area
  • frequent UTIs and yeast infections
  • STIs
32
Q

What is a differential Dx of pharyngeal gonorrhea

A

strep

33
Q

What are the signs of pharyngeal gonorrhea

A
  • red throat

- white/yellow exudate

34
Q

T/F HPV is always from sexual contact

A

f

35
Q

What are the signs of forced oral sex

A

petechiae of the palate at the junction of the hard and soft palate

36
Q

Duration of a bite mark is dependent on

A

the force applied and extent of tissue damage

37
Q

Teeth marks that don’t break the skin can disappear within _hrs

A

24 but may persist for longer!

38
Q

(Thinner/thicker) tissue retain bite marks longer

A

thinner

39
Q

T/F A bite mark is unique to the perpetrator

A

t

40
Q

Bite marks have a central pattern on ecchymosis which can be caused in what two ways

A
  • Positive pressure from crossing the teeth with disruption of small blood vessels
  • Negative pressure suction and tongue thrusting
41
Q

What is the difference between human and dog bites

A

dogs tear flesh and humans compress flesh

42
Q

The inter canine distance > _ is suspected to be a human adult bite

A

3 mm

43
Q

t/f most often emotional abuse is a single incident

A

f often a pattern of behavior

44
Q

_% adults report being sexually abused

A

20

45
Q

_% adults report being physically abused

A

28%

46
Q

_% adults report being emotionally abused

A

10%

47
Q

Emotional abuse can include

A
  • Tell a kid they are unwanted/unloved
  • Showing little interest
  • No return of affection
  • Not listening
  • Not validating child’s feelings
  • Shaming or humiliation
  • Criticizing or belittling
  • Blaming
  • Isolating
  • Corrupting (engaging the kids in criminal acts)
48
Q

Signs of emotional abuse in the parent

A
  • Routinely ignores the child
  • Plays favorites with one sibling over another
  • Poor anger management
  • Stormy relationships with other adults (disrespects authority)
  • History of violence/abuse
  • Untreated mental illness/alcoholism
49
Q

A child must be under the age of _ for them to be neglected by a parent

A

18

50
Q

Define dental neglect

A

willful failure of a parent to seek and follow through with treatment necessary for freedom of infection and pain

Caregivers with adequate knowledge must be differentiated from those without the knowledge of their childs need for dental care

51
Q

Examples of dental neglect

A
  • not takin to the child to the dentist for serious dental disease/injury
  • Keep a child from getting needed treatment
  • Not providing preventative dental care
  • Failing to follow dental recommendation for a child
52
Q

T/F If a patient comes in with bombed out mouth and the parents follow through with treatment by the dentist this is still negligence

A

f

53
Q

Causes of abuse

A
  • Isolation
  • Generation cycles
  • Economic and stress factors
  • Pathology of parent
  • Environmental factors (poverty/homeless)
  • Unreasonable expectations
  • Lack of solid relationship
  • Troubled childhoods
  • React with violence/neglect
  • **Drugs and alcohol abuse
54
Q

T/F Chronic mental illness is a common cause of abuse

A

f- rarely the cause

55
Q

T/F Dentists are mandated reporters but not hygienists

A

F both are

56
Q

What is a mandated reporter

A

people who must report whenever they have reasonable cause to suspect that a child who they see in their professional capacity is being abused/neglected

57
Q

T/F In order to report abuse/neglect you need reasonable cause you don’t have to be certain

A

t

58
Q

T/F You are immune from civil or criminal liability as long as you report in good faith

A

t- under the social services law

59
Q

What are the two different numbers/groups to reach out to for abuse

A
  • Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline

- Child Protective Services

60
Q

Who should mandated reporters call to report abuse

A

CPS

61
Q

What is PANDA

A

Created for dentists who are welpositioned to detect child abuse because 2 out of 3 injuries occur in the head/face/neck

PEDO Quiz 1 (post Midterm)-- Fall (6 decks)

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