Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology > CHF > Flashcards

CHF Flashcards

1
Q

SOB( dyspnea) - essential feature of

A

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Low ejection fraction and dilation of heart(CHF)

A

Systolic dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • EF is preserved ( CHF)

* heart can’t relax and pump blood

A

Diastolic dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of systolic dysfunction

A

HTN=> cardiomyopathy, preservation of EF=> over time heart dilates=> syst dysf and low EF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Valvular heart disease if all types results in

A

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MI is a very common cause of

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy and decreased EF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most common cause of hospital admission in USA

A

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MI death rate down from

A
  • thrombolitics
  • BB
  • angioplasty
  • aspirin, clopidogrel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of systolic dysfunction CHF

A

Infarction => dilation => regurgitation=> CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Less common causes of systolic dysfunction CHF

A

Alcohol,postviral( idiopathic) myocarditis,radiation,
adriamycin( doxorubicin) use, Chagas ds, hemochromatosis, thyroid disease
, peripartum cardiomyopathy, thiamine deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hemochromatosis causes …. cardiomyopathy

A

Restrictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CHF presentation

A
  • Orthopnea( worse when lying flat, relieved when sitting up or standing)
  • peripheral edema
  • rales on lung exam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CHF presentation

A
  • paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea( sudden worsening at night, during sleep)
  • S3 gallop
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sudden onset dyspnea, clear lungs

A

Pulmonary embolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sudden onset dyspnea,wheezing, increased expiratory phase

A

Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dyspnea slower, fever, sputum, unilateral rales/rhonchi

A

Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Decreased breath sounds unilaterally, tracheal deviation

A

Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Circumoral numbness, caffeine use, history of anxiety, dyspnea

A

Panic attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dyspnea, pallor, gradual over days to weeks

A

Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pulsus paradoxus, decreased heart sounds, JVD, dyspnea

A

Tamponade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Palpitations, syncope, dyspnea

A

Arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dyspnea, dullness to percussion at base

A

Pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Long smoking history, barrel chest, dyspnea

A

COPD

24
Q

Recent anesthetic use, brown blood not improved with 02, clear lungs on auscultation, cyanosis

A

Methemoglobinemia

25
Q

Burning building ir car, woodburnung stove in winter, suicide attempt

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning

26
Q

Orthopnea/PVD, S3, diagnostic test

A

CHF=> echocardiography( distinguish systolic vs diastolic)

27
Q

CHF. What is the best initial test?

A

Transthoracic echo

28
Q

CHF.What’s the most accurate test?

A

Multiple-gated acquisition scan( MUGA) or nuclear ventriculography

29
Q

More accurate for valves

A

Transesophageal echocardiography

30
Q

When should you answer” nuclear ventriculography”?

A
  • rarely needed
  • person receiving chemotx with doxorubicin
  • trying to give max dose to cure lymphoma, but not to cause cardiomyopathy
31
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptid( BNP)

A

Acute SOB, etiology unclear, you can’t wait for echo

32
Q

Normal BNP excludes

A

CHF

33
Q

Distinguishes CHF from ARDS; not routine

A

Swans-Ganz right heart catheterization

34
Q

Systolic dysfunction (low EF) tx

A
  • ACE inh or ARBs
  • BB ( carvedilol, bisoprolol, metoprolol)
  • aldosterone antagonists( spironolactone, eplerenone)
  • diuretics
  • digoxin
35
Q

CHF tx: antiischemic, decrease heart rate, decrease O2 consumption, antiarrhythmic

A

BB

36
Q

What is the MCC of death from CHF?

A

Arrhythmia/sudden death

37
Q

Only proven for more advanced CHF( class III and IV) with dyspnea on minimal exertion or at rest

A

Spironolactone

38
Q

MC adverse effect of spironolactone

A

Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia

39
Q

Antiandrogenic effect

A

Spironolactone

40
Q

CHF tx . Diuretics( furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide) . ED/office

A

ED: acute pulmonary edema
Office: combination with ACEi or ARB

41
Q

Control symptoms of CHF. Do not lower mortality

A

Diuretic, digoxin

42
Q

Is not used at doses where it has a diuretic effect. CHF

A

Spironolactone

43
Q

Decrease frequency if hospitalizations, control symptoms

A

Digoxin

44
Q

No positive inotropic agent has been proven to lower mortality

A

Digoxin, milrinone, amrinone, dobutamine

45
Q

Devices with mortality benefit. CHF

A

Implantable defibrillator: ischemic CM & EF < 35%

46
Q

EF < 35%& wide QRS > 120ms with persistent symptoms

A

Biventricular pacemaker

47
Q

Has wire in R atrium and R ventricle

A

Dual-chamber pacer

48
Q

Not a dual-chamber pacemaker

A

Biventricular pacemaker

49
Q

Resynchronizes the heart when there’s a conduction defect

A

Biventricular pacemaker

50
Q

Defers/delays need for cardiac transplantation

A

Defers/ delays need for cardiac transplantation

51
Q

Symptoms despite maximal medical therapy( ACE, BB, spironolactone, diuretics, digoxin) and possibly biventricular pacemaker

A

Transplantation

52
Q

CHF. Always wrong in absence of clot in heart

A

Warfarin

53
Q

Mortality benefit in systolic dysfunction

A
  • ACEi/ARBs
  • BB. • Spironolactone.
  • Hydralazine/ nitrates
  • implantable defibrillator
54
Q

Can raise mortality

A

Calcium-channel blockers

55
Q

Diastolic dysfunction( CHF with preserved EF) tx

A
  • BB
  • no mortality benefit in diastolic dysfunction
  • digoxin has NO benefit
  • diuretics( if fluid overload)
56
Q

Do not confuse diastolic dysfunction from hypertrophic CM with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.Tx

A

Diuretics are contraindicated in HOCM because they increase obstruction

Cardiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions