Chest/Vascular Anatomy Flashcards
what is the blood supply of the pericardium?
mainly the pericardiophrenic artery which is a branch of the internal thoracic artery**
also contributed by musculophrenic artery (terminal branch of internal thoracic), and the bronchial, esophageal, and superior phrenic artery of aorta
CAs supply visceral layer**
what veins drain the pericardium?
pericardiophrenic veins
tributaries of brachiocephalic or internal thoracic veins
variable tributaries of azygous venous system
innervation/nerve supply of pericardium
phrenic (C3-C5)
sympathetic trunks (vasomotor)
vagus nerve
what are the main branches of the coronary arteries (CAs)?
aortic root > RCA + LCA
RCA > right marginal
RCA > PDA
LCA > cirumflex
LCA > LAD
what CA supplies the ventricles?
the posterior branch of RCA supplies BOTH posterior ventricles
name the major aortic arch branches and name the first branch of the aorta
“ABCs”
Aortic Arch gives rise to:
Brachiocephalic trunk
(left) Common Carotid
(left) Subclavian
first branch of aorta is technically the CAs!! if thats an option, choose that.
name the heart valves in the order blood flows through them
“Try Pulling My Aorta”
tricuspid
pulmonoary
mitral
aortic
describe the order and anatomy of the layers of the heart
*endo > myo > epi (visc serous peri) > parietal serous peri > fibrous pericardium *
epicardium - thin, external layer of mesothelium formed by visceral serous pericardium
myocardium - muscular
endocardium - endothelium and subendothelial CT (lines valves, why we more often see vegetations and murmurs with endocarditis)
what supplies blood to the right atrium?
coronary sinus (from venous return)
IVC and SVC (from systemic circulation, inf and sup respectively)
where is the coronary sinus located and what supplies blood to it?
lies in the coronary grooves; receives blood from cardiac veins (venous sinus)
compare the atria v ventricles (and their septums) in their function and anatomy
atria = receiving chambers, have auricles and pectinate muscles, foramen ovale/fossa ovalis
IA septum = has upper membranous portion and lower thick muscular portion
ventricles = discharging chambers, papillary muscles (dont close valves, just help keep closed and prevent backflow)
IV septum = has conducting components
describe the pathway from the RV to the PT
the RV tapers to the conus arteriosus which > the pulmonary valve at the apex > PT
where is the LA located?
base of heart
where do the left and right pulmonary veins enter?
LA
the left auricle overlaps what structure?
PT
what chamber has the thickest myocardium and why?
LV - works the hardest
where do the CAs lie?
just deep to epicardium, embedded in fat
what do the CAs supply?
epicardium and myocardium
where does the endocardium get blood and nutrients from?
directly from chambers
describe the pathway of the RCA
RCA lies in coronary groove
> gives off SA nodal branch near origin
> descends to right marginal, running toward but no reaching apex
> crosess posteriorly to an AV nodal branch at the crus of the heart (junction of all 4 chambers) then descends in posterior IV groove toward apex
what does the posterior IV branch of RCA supply
both ventricles, and sends branches to IV septum
describe the pathway of the LCA
arises from L aortic sinus, passing b/w left auricle and L side of PT in coronary groove
> LAD > along IV groove to apex and along inferior border where it anastomoses with posterior IV branch of RCA
> circumflex > goes post and inf to become left marginal going to LV, terminates before crus
cardiac drainage is done by
coronary sinus along posterior AV groove > drains into RA between IVC and tricuspid
great, middle, and small cardiac veins
tracheobronchial lymph nodes
where does the thymus lie
posterior to manubrium, extends into anterior mediastinum from the superior mediastinum
what happens to the thymus as we age? why?
replaced by fat after puberty
the function of the thymus is to promote function and maturation of t lymphocytes (WBC); as we age we have less to mature
what hormones are associated with the thymus?
thymosins
blood supply of the thymus
anterior intercostal and anterior mediastinal branches of internal thoracic arteries
drainage of thymus
veins of thymus end in L brachiocephalic, int thoracic, and inf thyroid veins
lymph vessels end in parasternal, brachiocephalic, and tracheobronchial nodes