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Anatomy Exam 1 > Chest, Shoulder, Pectoral Region > Flashcards

Chest, Shoulder, Pectoral Region Flashcards

1
Q

Large, fan-shaped muscle covering most of the anterior thoracic wall

A

Pectoralis Major

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2
Q

Muscle that is useful as a landmark for axillary artery, inserts on coracoid process

A

Pectoralis Minor

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3
Q

Saw-toothed muscle that helps stabilize the scapula - boxer’s muscle -attaches to medial border of scapula on anterior surface, keeps scapula from ‘floating off ribcage’ - protracts (pulls forward) and rotates scapula

A

Serratus anterior

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4
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A

S i t S -Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - Subscapularis

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5
Q

What innervates the deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve

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6
Q

What innervates the infraspinatus muscle?

A

Suprascapular nerve

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7
Q

What innervates the Pectoralis minor muscle?

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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8
Q

What innervates the Serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve

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9
Q

What innervates the subscapularis muscle?

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

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10
Q

What innervates the supraspinatus muscle?

A

Suprascapular nerve

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11
Q

What innervates the Teres minor muscle?

A

Axillary nerve

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12
Q

What is the function of the deltoid?

A

After the suprapsinatus muscle initiates abduction of the humerus the 1st 10-15 degrees, the deltoid abducts it to 90 degrees, even to the acromion and clavicle. The trapezius then completes abduction to 180 degrees

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13
Q

What is the most frequently torn rotator cuff muscle? what is it’s function

A

Supraspinatus muscle - initiates abduction of the humerus (first 10-15 degrees)

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14
Q

What muscles insert into the greater tubercle of the humerus?

A

Supraspinatus infraspinatus Teres minor

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15
Q

What nerves innervate the Pectoralis major?

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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16
Q

Which muscle inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus?

A

Subscapularis muscle

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17
Q

Which rotator cuff muscle is responsible for medial rotation of the humerus?

A

Subscapularis

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18
Q

Which rotator cuff muscles are responsible for lateral rotation of the humerus when they contract?

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, Teres minor

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19
Q

What are the 3 kinds of fascia?

A

pectoral axillary clavipectoral

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20
Q

What does pectoral fascia cover?

A

Pectoralis major muscle

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21
Q

What does axillary fascia cover?

A

continuation of the pectoral fascia, laterally (armpit area protects arteries, veins, nerves etc passing into upper extremities)

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22
Q

What does clavipectoral fascia cover?

A

deep to Pectoralis major, encloses subclavius muscle and Pectoralis minor

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23
Q

At what dermatomes are the clavicles located?

A

Border of C4-C5

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24
Q

At what dermatomes is the level of nipples?

A

T4

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25
Q

At what dermatomes is the level of umbilicus (navel)?

A

T10

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26
Q

Compare the 2 ends of the clavicle bone.

A

Sternal end: small, relatively round Acromial end: much larger, flatter

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27
Q
A

Supraglenoid tubercle

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28
Q
A

Greater tubercle (of humerus)

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29
Q
A

Lesser tubercle (of humerus)

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30
Q
A

Acromion

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31
Q
A

Coracoid Process

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32
Q
A

Superior Angle of Scapula

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33
Q
A

Medial border of scapula

34
Q
A

Subscapular fossa

35
Q
A

Inferior Angle of Scapula

36
Q
A

Glenoid Cavity of Scapula

37
Q
A

Superior border of scapula

38
Q
A

Supraspinous fossa

39
Q
A

Infranspinous fossa

40
Q
A

Coracoid Process

41
Q
A

Infraglenoid tubercle

42
Q
A

Coracoid Process

43
Q
A

Cephalic vein

44
Q
A

Pectoralis major muscle (cut)

45
Q
A

Pectoralis major muscle and pectoral fascia

46
Q
A

Axillary fascia

47
Q

What is the blue arrow pointing to?

A

Scapula

48
Q

What are the blue and red areas, and the other arrow?

A

Blue: trapezoid

Red: Trapezius

Arrow: Infraspinatous fossa

Note: Deltoid has same origin as trapezius, just the bottom border of the acromion, clavice (distal 1/3)

49
Q

1

A

Coracoid Process

50
Q

2

A

Subscapularis tendon

51
Q

3

A

Supraspinatous tendon

52
Q

4

A

Infraspinatous tendon

53
Q

5

A

Teres minor tendon

54
Q

6

A

Acromion

55
Q

7

A

Infraspinatous muscle

56
Q

8

A

Supraspinatous muscle

57
Q

9

A

Subscalpularis muscle

58
Q

10

A

Superior border of scapula

59
Q

11

A

Clavicle

60
Q
A

1 - Supraspinatous muscle

2 - Infraspinatus muscle

3 - Teres minor muscle

4 - Subscalpularis muscle

61
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the posterior shoulder?

A
  1. Teres major
  2. Latissimus dorsi
  3. Levator scapulae
  4. Rhomboids
62
Q

What is the function of the Teres major muscle, where is it located?

A

Posterior shoulder

  • adducts and medially rotates arm
63
Q

What is the function of the Latissimus dorsi, where is it located?

A

“Lady btw 2 majors”

(Pectoralis major in the front, Teres major in the back)

  • extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus at shoulder
  • powerful bc it has a small origin but lots of muscle fibers extending from it
64
Q

What is the function of the levator scapulae, where is it located?

A

Side of the neck, shoulder

  • elevates scapula medially, inferiorly rotates glenoid cavity
65
Q

What is the function of the rhomboids, where are they located?

A

Connect to the medial border of the scapula

  • fix scapula to the thoracic wall
  • retract and rotate scapula to depress glenoid vacity (drop the shoulder)
66
Q

What innervates the Teres major muscle?

A

lower subscapular nerve

67
Q

What innervates the Latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

68
Q

What innervates the levator scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

69
Q

What innervates the rhomboids?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

70
Q

Which muscle localizes the 3 branches of the axillary artery?

A

Pectoralis minor muscle

71
Q

Subclavian artery becomes the ___ artery which becomes the ____ artery

A

Axillary

Brachial

72
Q

Where does the axillary artery begin?

A

At the lateral border of the 1st rib (is a direct continuation of the subclavian artery)

73
Q

Where is the 1st part of the axillary artery?

A

MEDIAL (proximal) to the Pectoralis minor muscle

74
Q

Where is the 2nd part of the Axillary artery located?

A

UNDER the Pectoralis minor muscle

75
Q

Where is the 3rd part of the Axillary artery located?

A

LATERAL (distal) to the Pectoralis minor muscle

76
Q

Where does the Axillary artery end?

A

at the lower border of the Teres major muscle, where it becomes the brachial artery

77
Q

What are the major constituents of each part of the Axillary artery? (pneumonic)

A

Screw The Lawyer, Save A Patient

1st part: Superior thoracic artery

2nd part: Thoracoacromial trunk, Lateral thoracic artery

3rd part: Suscapular artery, Anterior circumflex humeral, Posterior circumflex humeral artery

78
Q
A
  1. Thyrocervical Trunk
  2. Subclavian Artery
  3. Superior Thoracic Artery
  4. Thoracoacromial Trunk
  5. Lateral Thoracic Artery
  6. Brachial Artery
  7. Supscalpular Artery
  8. Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
  9. Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
79
Q

What is the difference btw the Thyrocervical trunk and the Thoracoacromial trunk?

A

Thyrocervical: branches off the subclavian artery (is located up higher)

  • contains the transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries

Thoracoacromial: branches off the axillary artery

  • clavicular, acromial, deltoid, pectoral branches (located lower down)
80
Q
A
81
Q

what nerve sits on top of the anterior scalene muscle?

A

phrenic nerve

Anatomy Exam 1 (8 decks)

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