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E Med > Chest Pain/Changes in Sensorium + > Flashcards

Chest Pain/Changes in Sensorium + Flashcards

1
Q

retrosternal left anterior chest crushing, squeezing, tightness, or pressure; brought on or exacerbated by exertion and relieved by rest; usually anginal pain lasts 2 to 10 minutes

  • CLASSIC CARDIAC CHEST PAIN
  • NON CLASSIC CARDIAC CHEST PAIN
A
  • CLASSIC CARDIAC CHEST PAIN
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2
Q

lasting for seconds, constant pains lasting for 12 to 24 hours or more without waxing and waning intensity, or pain worsened by specific body movements or positions, such as twisting and turning of the thorax

  • CLASSIC CARDIAC CHEST PAIN
  • NON CLASSIC CARDIAC CHEST PAIN
A
  • NON CLASSIC CARDIAC CHEST PAIN
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3
Q

ST Elevation MI
Non ST Elevation MI

  • ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
  • ACUTE MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA
A
  • ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
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4
Q

Unstable Angina

  • ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
  • ACUTE MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA
A
  • ACUTE MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA
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5
Q

Chest pain, radiation of the pain to the arms, neck, or jaw; diaphoresis; dyspnea; and nausea or vomiting

  • CLASSIC ACS
  • NON CLASSIC ACS
A
  • CLASSIC ACS
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6
Q

dyspnea at rest or with exertion, nausea, light-headedness, generalized weakness, acute
changes in mental status, diaphoresis, or shoulder, arm, or jaw discomfort, epigastric or upper abdominal discomfort, even when relieved by antacids

  • CLASSIC ACS
  • NON CLASSIC ACS
A
  • NON CLASSIC ACS
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7
Q

Reperfusion goals:

Door to needle (fibrinolysis) : X minutes

Door to balloon (pci): X minutes

A

Door to needle (fibrinolysis) : 30 minutes

Door to balloon (pci): 90 minutes

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8
Q

what classes of drugs are given for chest pain (5)

A 
FIBRINOLYTICS
ANTIPLATELET
GC IIB/IIA INHIBITORS
ANTITHROMBINS
LIMITING INFART SIZE
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9
Q

risk factors for aortic dissection

A

Risk factors include male sex, age over 50 years, poorly controlled hypertension, cocaine or amphetamine use, a bicuspid aortic valve or prior aortic valve replacement, connective tissue disorders and pregnancy

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10
Q

type A, type B

stanford dissection
debakey dissection

A

stanford

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11
Q

type I, type II, type III

stanford dissection
debakey dissection

A

debakey

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12
Q

debakey type II is equal to what standford dissection

A

type A (also type I)

type B = type III

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13
Q

what imaging to use for aortic dissection

A
  • Transesophageal echocardiography

- Ct scan

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14
Q

first choice of dug for aortic dissection

A

First choice: beta blockers PROPRANOLOL, LABETALOL, ESMOLOL)

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15
Q

what are the 3 classes of drugs for aortic dissection

A

beta blocker
ACEi
Angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs)

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16
Q

time represented by small box on EKG

large box

A

small: 0.04 sec
large: 0.20 sec

17
Q

equation for bpm from small box

A

1500/small squares = bpm

18
Q

equation for bpm from large box

A

300/large squares = bpm

19
Q

equation for bpm from number of R waves

A

(6)(R waves) = bpm

20
Q

how many seconds is a standard strip

A

6 seconds

21
Q

glasgow coma scale for eye opening

A 
4 = spontaneous
3 = to sound
2 = to pressure
1 = none
22
Q

glasgow coma scale for verbal response

A 
5 = orientated
4 = confused
3 = words, but not coherent
2 = sounds, but no words
1 = none
23
Q

glasgow coma scale for motor response

A 
6 = obeys command
5 = localizing
4 = normal flexion
3 = abnormal flexion
2 = extension
1 = none
24
Q

what is a positive babinski reflex?

toes up
toes down

A

toes down

25
Q

clot blocks blood flow to an area of the brain

ischemic stroke
hemorrhagic stroke

A

ischemic stroke

26
Q

bleeding occurs inside or around brain tissue

ischemic stroke
hemorrhagic stroke

A

hemorrhagic stroke

27
Q

what are the three signs of stroke in cincinnati stoke scale?

A

facial droop, arm drift, abnormal speech

28
Q

intra-cerebral hemorrhage

ischemic stroke
hemorrhagic stroke

A

hemorrhagic stroke

29
Q

cerebral infarction

ischemic stroke
hemorrhagic stroke

A

ischemic stroke

30
Q

single occurrence of jerky movement and other features of a fit

epilepsy
seizure

A

seizure

31
Q

two or more than two unprovoked jerky movements occurring in an individual

epilepsy
seizure

A

epilepsy

32
Q

drugs are used

epilepsy
seizure

A

epilepsy

33
Q

complex vs simple

partial
generalized

A

partial

34
Q

tonic clonic, absence, tonic or atonic, myoclonic

partial
generalized

A

generalized

35
Q

common symptoms of seizures

A
  • blank staring
  • chewing
  • fumbling
  • wandering
  • shaking
  • confused speech
36
Q

straightening of body and limbs

tonic phase
clonic phase
postictal stupor

A

tonic phase

37
Q

jerks of body, limbs, head

tonic phase
clonic phase
postictal stupor

A

clonic phase

38
Q

single seizure >/= 5 minutes in length or 2 or more seizures without recovery of consciousness between seizures

  • status epilepticus
  • refractory status epilepticus
A
  • status epilepticus
39
Q

Persistent seizure activity despite iv administration of adequate amounts of 2 antiepileptic agents

  • status epilepticus
  • refractory status epilepticus
A
  • refractory status epilepticus

E Med (13 decks)

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