Chest Pain/Changes in Sensorium + Flashcards
retrosternal left anterior chest crushing, squeezing, tightness, or pressure; brought on or exacerbated by exertion and relieved by rest; usually anginal pain lasts 2 to 10 minutes
- CLASSIC CARDIAC CHEST PAIN
- NON CLASSIC CARDIAC CHEST PAIN
- CLASSIC CARDIAC CHEST PAIN
lasting for seconds, constant pains lasting for 12 to 24 hours or more without waxing and waning intensity, or pain worsened by specific body movements or positions, such as twisting and turning of the thorax
- CLASSIC CARDIAC CHEST PAIN
- NON CLASSIC CARDIAC CHEST PAIN
- NON CLASSIC CARDIAC CHEST PAIN
ST Elevation MI
Non ST Elevation MI
- ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
- ACUTE MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA
- ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Unstable Angina
- ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
- ACUTE MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA
- ACUTE MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA
Chest pain, radiation of the pain to the arms, neck, or jaw; diaphoresis; dyspnea; and nausea or vomiting
- CLASSIC ACS
- NON CLASSIC ACS
- CLASSIC ACS
dyspnea at rest or with exertion, nausea, light-headedness, generalized weakness, acute
changes in mental status, diaphoresis, or shoulder, arm, or jaw discomfort, epigastric or upper abdominal discomfort, even when relieved by antacids
- CLASSIC ACS
- NON CLASSIC ACS
- NON CLASSIC ACS
Reperfusion goals:
Door to needle (fibrinolysis) : X minutes
Door to balloon (pci): X minutes
Door to needle (fibrinolysis) : 30 minutes
Door to balloon (pci): 90 minutes
what classes of drugs are given for chest pain (5)
FIBRINOLYTICS ANTIPLATELET GC IIB/IIA INHIBITORS ANTITHROMBINS LIMITING INFART SIZE
risk factors for aortic dissection
Risk factors include male sex, age over 50 years, poorly controlled hypertension, cocaine or amphetamine use, a bicuspid aortic valve or prior aortic valve replacement, connective tissue disorders and pregnancy
type A, type B
stanford dissection
debakey dissection
stanford
type I, type II, type III
stanford dissection
debakey dissection
debakey
debakey type II is equal to what standford dissection
type A (also type I)
type B = type III
what imaging to use for aortic dissection
- Transesophageal echocardiography
- Ct scan
first choice of dug for aortic dissection
First choice: beta blockers PROPRANOLOL, LABETALOL, ESMOLOL)
what are the 3 classes of drugs for aortic dissection
beta blocker
ACEi
Angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs)
time represented by small box on EKG
large box
small: 0.04 sec
large: 0.20 sec
equation for bpm from small box
1500/small squares = bpm
equation for bpm from large box
300/large squares = bpm
equation for bpm from number of R waves
(6)(R waves) = bpm
how many seconds is a standard strip
6 seconds
glasgow coma scale for eye opening
4 = spontaneous 3 = to sound 2 = to pressure 1 = none
glasgow coma scale for verbal response
5 = orientated 4 = confused 3 = words, but not coherent 2 = sounds, but no words 1 = none
glasgow coma scale for motor response
6 = obeys command 5 = localizing 4 = normal flexion 3 = abnormal flexion 2 = extension 1 = none
what is a positive babinski reflex?
toes up
toes down
toes down
clot blocks blood flow to an area of the brain
ischemic stroke
hemorrhagic stroke
ischemic stroke
bleeding occurs inside or around brain tissue
ischemic stroke
hemorrhagic stroke
hemorrhagic stroke
what are the three signs of stroke in cincinnati stoke scale?
facial droop, arm drift, abnormal speech
intra-cerebral hemorrhage
ischemic stroke
hemorrhagic stroke
hemorrhagic stroke
cerebral infarction
ischemic stroke
hemorrhagic stroke
ischemic stroke
single occurrence of jerky movement and other features of a fit
epilepsy
seizure
seizure
two or more than two unprovoked jerky movements occurring in an individual
epilepsy
seizure
epilepsy
drugs are used
epilepsy
seizure
epilepsy
complex vs simple
partial
generalized
partial
tonic clonic, absence, tonic or atonic, myoclonic
partial
generalized
generalized
common symptoms of seizures
- blank staring
- chewing
- fumbling
- wandering
- shaking
- confused speech
straightening of body and limbs
tonic phase
clonic phase
postictal stupor
tonic phase
jerks of body, limbs, head
tonic phase
clonic phase
postictal stupor
clonic phase
single seizure >/= 5 minutes in length or 2 or more seizures without recovery of consciousness between seizures
- status epilepticus
- refractory status epilepticus
- status epilepticus
Persistent seizure activity despite iv administration of adequate amounts of 2 antiepileptic agents
- status epilepticus
- refractory status epilepticus
- refractory status epilepticus
