Chest Lecture 5 Flashcards
What is the most common primary lung tumor in patients under 16?
Bronchial carcinoid
What are features of a bronchial carcinoid?
Uncommon, low-grade malignancy
80% in lobar bronchi
Secrete hormones that may mimic Cushing’s syndrome
What is the mechanism of lung over-inflation that may occur with bronchial carcinoid that obstructs a bronchi?
Check-valve mechanbism
If complete obstruction of an airway occurs due to a bronchial carcinoma, what will happen?
Lung collapse
What is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women in the US?
Bronchogenic carcinoma
What correlates to cancer rates (bronchogenic carcinoma)?
Urbanization, industrialization, cigarette smoking, inhalants
What are parenchymal cancers of the lung?
Leiomyomas, fibromas, chondromas
What are the subtypes of bronchogenic lung cancer?
Squamous cell aka epidermoid
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Small (oat) cell
What helps differentiate a benign from malignant nodule?
Age (Older = More risk) Size (Larger = More risk) Calcification (Certain patterns = benign) Growth rate (Stability over 2 years excludes malig.)
What are benign patterns of calcification?
Solid
Central
Laminated
Stippled
Peripheral lung cancer lesions have what characteristics?
40% of said lesions Lat. to the hilum Nodules (3cm) Arise from 3rd/4th order bronchi Appear non-calcified Better prognosis than central lesions
Central lung cancer lesions have what characteristics?
60% of lesions Near the hilum Present as hilar enlargement or secondary findings Arise from main, 2nd, and third bronchi Poor prognosis
A bronchogenic tumor in the lung apex, typically squamous cell type
Pancoast/superior sulcus tumor
Pancoast tumor presentation includes?
Apical radiodensity
Horner’s syndrome
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Rib or vertebral destruction
