Chest Lecture 2 Flashcards
Incomplete inflation of the lung
Atelectasis
Direct signs of atelectasis
Displaced fissures, increased radiodensity
Indirect signs of atelectasis
Elevated diaphragm
Approximation of the vessels, bronchi and ribs
Displacement of the mediastinum and hilum
MC type of atelectasis
Obstructive
A bulla taking up space presses on the lungs, what type of atelectasis is this?
Compressive
Pneumothorax causes incomplete filling of the lung, what type of atelectasis is this?
Passive
Scars interfere with lung filling what type of atelectasis is this?
Contraction
Alveola collapse and can’t fill with air, what type of atelectasis is this?
Adhesive
Asthma due to environmental exposure
Extrinsic
Asthma associated w/ immune response
Intrinsic
Image findings in an acute asthma attack
Hyperinflation
Image findings in chronic asthma patient
Normal to prominent interstitia, possibly thick bronchi
Chronic irreversible dilation of the bronchi
Bronchiectasis
Subtypes of bronchiectasis
Cylindrical, varicose, saccular
What are hallmarks of bronchiectasis
Thick bronchial walls, altered lung volume, very evident on CT
What causes a congenital bronchogenic cyst
Outpouching of the primitive foregut separated from the airway
80% of congenital bronchogenic cysts are _________
Mediastinal
What is bronchopulmonic sequesteration?
Congenital malformation of the foregut resulting in a portion of lung being isolated
How does bronchopulmonic sequesteration appear?
Radiodense mass above/below the diaphragm
60% of bronchopulmonic sequesterations form on the ______
Right
Chronic dilation of air space distal to the terminal bronchi; results in acinar wall destruction
Emphysema
Appearance of emphysema
Depressed diaphragm Lung overinflation Increased pulmonary radiolucency (more air) Increased retrosternal space (l. lat. film) Accentuated kyphosis Increased intercostal space Prominent hilar vasculature Bullae formation
