Chest infection Flashcards

1
Q

Who should get the flu vaccine?

A
  • > 65yrs
  • People with certain medical conditions (including children in at-risk groups from 6 months of age)
  • Pregnant women
  • Children aged 2-3 on 31 Aug 2019
  • Children in primary school
  • Frontline health and social care workers
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2
Q

What are the symptoms of influenza?

A
  • General aches and pains

- Most common in autumn and winter

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of COVID-19?

A
  • Fever
  • SOB
  • Persistent dry cough
  • Anosmia
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4
Q

What are the symptoms of viral URTI?

A
  • Sore throat
  • Nasal congestion
  • Cough
  • Feeling unwell
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5
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

A
  • Green/yellow/brown sputum
  • Fever
  • Chest pains
  • SOB
  • Unwell
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6
Q

What are the symptoms of lung cancer?

A
  • Haemoptysis
  • Weight loss
  • Persistent cough
  • Ex-smoker
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7
Q

What are the symptoms of pericarditis?

A
  • Chest pain relieved by sitting forwards

- Often following viral infection

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumothorax?

A
  • Sudden, sharp stabbing pain on one side of the chest that is worse on inspiration
  • SOB
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9
Q

What are the symptoms of an infective exacerbation of COPD?

A
  • Increased sputum production

- SOB

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of bronchiectasis?

A
  • Chronic productive cough

- SOB

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of TB?

A
  • Swinging fever
  • Weight loss
  • Anorexia
  • Productive cough (>21 days)
  • Haemoptysis
  • Contact
  • High risk (country of birth, homeless, immunosuppression)
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12
Q

What are the symptoms of subacute bacterial endocarditis?

A
  • Fever
  • Tiredness
  • Sore throat
  • Cough
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13
Q

What are the symptoms of PE?

A
  • Sudden onset sharp pain on inspiration
  • SOB
  • Haemoptysis
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14
Q

What type of infection primarily cause URTI?

A

Viral

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15
Q

What type of infections primarily cause LRTI?

A

Bacterial and viral

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16
Q

What type of conditions are classed as URTI?

A
  • Common cold
  • Sinusitis
  • Pharyngitis
  • Laryngitis
17
Q

What type of conditions are classed as LRTI?

A
  • Acute bronchitis (COPD exacerbation)
  • Exacerbation of bronchiectasis
  • TB
  • Influenza
  • Pneumonia
18
Q

What investigations would you order for a chest infection?

A
  • FBC
  • LFTs
  • CRP
  • U+E
  • Procalcitonin
  • Blood lactate
  • D-dimer
  • Blood cultures
  • CXR
    CT if abscess or empyema suspected
  • Respiratory viral swab
  • Sputum cultures
  • HIV testing
  • O2 sats
19
Q

Who is at risk of sepsis?

A

o Extremities of age
o Recent trauma, surgery or invasive procedures (within last 6 weeks)
o Impaired immunity due to illness
o Indwelling lines, catheters, IVDU, breach of skin integrity (cuts, burns etc.)

20
Q

What is sepsis 6?

A

Test three
• Blood lactate
• Blood cultures
• Urine output

Treat three
• Oxygen to maintain O2 saturations at 94-98% (or 88-92% for COPD)
• Empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics
• IV fluids