Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCOM Anatomy > Chest, Axilla, and Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Chest, Axilla, and Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Pectoralis Major attachments?

A
  1. proximal:
    - clavicular head: medial half of clavicle
    - sternocostal head: sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique
  2. distal:
    - crest of greater tubercle humerus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pectoralis major innervation?

A
  • medial pectoral nerve

- lateral pectoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pectoralis major functions?

A
  1. clavicular head
    - adduct, flex, and medial rotate humerus
  2. sternocostal head
    - extend humerus
  3. raises body when arms fixed
  4. climbing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pec minor attachments?

A
  1. proximal:
    - 2nd to 5th ribs (3 heads)
  2. distal:
    - coracoid process of scapula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pec minor innervation?

A

medial pectoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pec minor function?

A
  • draws scapula inferior and anterior against thoracic wall, stabilizer
  • depresses shoulder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

subclavius attachments?

A
  • 1st ribs

- middle third of clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

subclavius innervation?

A

nerve to subclavius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

subclavius function?

A
  • anchors and depresses lateral part clavicle

- stabilizes clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Serratus anterior attachments?

A
  1. proximal:
    - 1st to 8th ribs
  2. distal:
    - medial border of scapula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

serratus anterior innervation?

A

long thoracic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

serratus anterior function?

A
  • holds scapula against thoracic wall
  • rotates scapula
  • long thoracic nerve (superficial) damage causes winged scapula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

components of the breasts?

A
  1. adipose tissue
  2. glands
    - where milk is produced
  3. ducts
    - transfer milk from glands to nipple
  4. suspensory ligaments
    - strong connective tissue that originate deep and radiate out to give structure and support to breast
    - clinically important in breast exam, puts pressure on ligaments, can identify breast cancer
  5. retromammary space
    - easy to remove breast
    - used for breast implants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Importance of lymphatics in breasts?

A
  • more than 75% of lymph from breast drains into axillary nodes, particularly the pectoral (anterior) nodes
  • good place to check for breast cancer
  • cervical
  • parasternal
  • abdominal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contents of the Axilla?

A
  1. axillary blood vessels
    - axillary artery
    - axillary vein
  2. brachial plexus
    - cords
    - branches
  3. axillary sheath encases the arteries, veins, and nerves
  4. biceps brachii
  5. coracobrachialis
  6. axillary lymph nodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

main blood supply of the axilla?

A

-axillary artery which is a continuation of the subclavian artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the boundaries of the axillary artery?

A
  • proximal: lateral border of 1st rib

- distal: teres major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three sections of the axillary artery?

A
  1. 1sr rib to pec minor
    - contains superior thoracic artery
    - supplies blood to first two intercostal spaces
  2. behind pec minor
    - thoracoacromial artery (clavicular, acromial, deltoid, pectoral), supplies blood to deltoid, subclavius, acromion, pec major and minor
    - lateral thoracic artery, supplies blood to serratus anterior
  3. between pec minor and teres major
    - anterior circumflex humeral artery
    - posterior circumflex humeral artery
    - subscapular artery (very short, turns into thoracodorsal artery to supply lats)
19
Q

What are the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

anterior rami of spinal nerves C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

20
Q

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
  • turn into anterior and posterior divisions
21
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus?

A
  • lateral
  • posterior
  • medial
22
Q

what are the major terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A
  • musculocutaneous
  • axillary
  • radial
  • median
  • ulnar
23
Q

What does musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A
  • coracobrachialis (pierces this muscle)
  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • turns into lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve to innervate skin of lateral forearm
24
Q

what does axillary nerve innervate?

A
  • teres minor
  • deltoid
  • small cutaneous portion that innervates skin of inferior portion of deltoid
25
Q

what does the radial nerve innervate?

A
  • triceps brachii
  • brachioradialis
  • anconeus
  • supinator
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor pollicis brevis
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor indicis
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • skin of posterior and inferolateral arm
  • posterior forearm skin
  • dorsum of hand on thumb side skin
26
Q

what does the median nerve innervate?

A

forearm:

  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
  • half of flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • pronator quadratus
  • palmaris longus
  • hand:
  • thenar musculature
  • abductor pollicis brevis
  • flexor pollicis brevis
  • opponens pollici
  • lumbricals 2 and 3
  • anterior skin of hand thumb side
  • usually damaged during carpal tunnel syndrome
27
Q

what does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A
  • forearm:
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • half of flexor digitorum profundus
  • hand:
  • palmaris brevis
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi
  • 4th and 5th lumbricals
  • adductor pollicis
  • palmar interossei
  • dorsal interossei
  • skin of pinky side of hand
28
Q

medial and lateral pectoral nerve of brachial plexus? what do they innervate

A
  1. lateral pectoral
    - comes off lateral cord of brachial plexus and innervates pec major
  2. medial pectoral
    - comes off medial cord of brachial plexus
    - pierces pec minor and innervates it and pec major
29
Q

what does medial brachial cutaneous do and where does it come from?

A
  • comes off medial cord of brachial plexus
  • innervates medial skin of arm
  • medial antebrachial innervates skin of forearm
30
Q

what are some minor branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A
  1. upper and lower sub scapular nerve innervate subscapularis (lower goes to teres major as well)
  2. thoracodorsal goes to lat dorsi
31
Q

where does dorsal scapular come from and what does it innervate?

A
  • comes from root of C5
  • innervates:
  • rhomboids
  • levator scapulae
32
Q

where does suprascapular nerve come from and what does it innervate?

A
  • comes from root of C5 and goes through suprascapular notch of scapula
  • innervates:
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
33
Q

where does long thoracic nerve come from and what does it innervate?

A
  • roots of C5, C6, C7

- innervates serratus anterior

34
Q

avulsion?

A

tear of nerve roots from spinal cord

35
Q

rupture?

A

tear of nerve after ganglion

36
Q

neuroma?

A

benign growth

37
Q

neurapaxia?

A

trauma related loss of conduction (myelin sheath damage)

38
Q

Erb Duchenne palsy?

A
  • shoulder dystocia
  • shoulder is caught on pelvis of mother during birth, too much tension is applied to head
  • can tear upper portion of brachial plexus
  • causes waiters tip position
  • damage to nerve (C5, C6) that innervates upper muscles of arm like brachialis, biceps, coracobrachialis, some forearm
  • cannot supinate forearm
39
Q

backpackers palsy?

A
  • happens overtime if you have too heavy of backpack

- too much pressure on shoulders can damage superior brachial plexus

40
Q

how else can superior brachial plexus be damaged?

A
  • trauma or an injury that can damage superior brachial plexus
  • can be repaired if person is young
41
Q

klumpke paralysis?

A
  • ulnar nerve injury
  • claw hand
  • lower brachial plexus injury not common
  • less common than upper brachial plexus injury
  • can be caused by climbing, stretch armpit, lower brachial plexus injured
42
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome?

A
  • compression of brachial plexus and subclavian artery (rarely the vein) between lower neck and axilla
  • scalenus anticus syndrome, scalene muscles can put pressure on plexus
  • cervical rib syndrome, anomaly, extra rib
  • costaclavicular syndrome, vessels go through clavicle and 1st rib and get damaged
43
Q

pre or post fixed brachial plexus?

A
  • roots of brachial plexus go up or down spinal nerves
  • normally C5 to T1
  • can be C4 to C8
  • can be C6 to T2

PCOM Anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions