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PCOM Anatomy > Back Muscles > Flashcards

Back Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae do we have?

A

-33 total

  1. 7 cervical (C1-C7)
  2. 12 thoracic (T1-T12)
  3. 5 lumbar (L1-L5)
  4. 5 Sacrum (S1-S5) fused
  5. 4 Coccyx (Co1-Co4) fused
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2
Q

Trapezius attachments?

A
  1. Proximal:
    - medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line
    - nuchal ligament
    - spinous processes of C7-T12
  2. Distal:
    - lateral 1/3 of clavicle
    - acromion
    - spine of scapula
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3
Q

Trapezius innervation?

A

spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11)

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4
Q

Trapezius function?

A
  1. superior fibers (descending part): elevate scapula
  2. central fibers (middle part): retract scapula
  3. inferior fibers (descending part): depress and rotate scapula
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5
Q

Latissimus Dorsi attachments?

A
  1. proximal:
    - iliac crest
    - spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae (T7-T12)
    - inferior 3 or 4 ribs
    - thoracolumbar fascia
  2. distal:
    - intertubercular groove of humerus (bicipital groove)
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6
Q

Latissimus Dorsi innervation?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)

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7
Q

Latissimus Dorsi function?

A
  1. arm extension (pulls down)
  2. arm adduction
  3. medial rotation of arm
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8
Q

Rhomboid Major attachments?

A
  1. proximal:
    - spinous processes T2-T5 vertebrae
  2. distal:
    - medial border of scapula below spine
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9
Q

Rhomboids innervation?

A

Dorsal Scapular nerve (C4, C5)

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10
Q

Rhomboid Minor attachments?

A
  1. proximal:
    - spinous processes C7 and T1
    - nuchal ligament
  2. distal:
    - medial border of scapula at or above the spine
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11
Q

Rhomboids function?

A
  1. retract scapula
  2. rotates scapula
  3. depress glenoid cavity
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12
Q

Levator scapulae attachments?

A
  1. proximal:
    - transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
  2. distal:
    - superior angle of scapula or medial border
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13
Q

Levator scapulae innervation?

A

Dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical nerves (C3, C4)

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14
Q

Levator scapulae function?

A
  1. elevate scapula
  2. rotate scapula
  3. depress glenoid cavity inferiorly
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15
Q

What are the extrinsic back muscles?

A
  • superficial:
    1. trapezius
    2. lat dorsi
    3. rhomboids
    4. levator scapulae
  • intermediate:
    1. serratus posterior superior
    2. serratus posterior inferior
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16
Q

Serratus posterior superior attachments?

A
  1. proximal:
    - nuchal ligament
    - spinous processes C7-T3
  2. distal:
    - ribs 2-5 (superior borders)
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17
Q

serratus posterior superior innervation?

A

2nd to 5th intercostal nerves

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18
Q

serratus posterior superior function?

A
  1. elevate ribs during forced inspiration

2. proprioception

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19
Q

serratus posterior inferior attachments?

A
  1. proximal:
    - spinous processes T11-L2
  2. distal:
    - ribs 8-12 (inferior border)
20
Q

serratus posterior inferior innervation?

A
  • 9th to 11th intercostal nerves

- subcostal nerve (T12)

21
Q

Serratus posterior inferior function?

A
  1. depress ribs during forced expiration

2. proprioception

22
Q

Splenius Capitis attachments?

A
  1. proximal:
    - nuchal ligament
    - spinous processes C7-T4
  2. distal:
    - mastoid process
    - superior nuchal line
23
Q

splenius capitis innervation?

A

-dorsal or posterior rami of spinal nerves

24
Q

splenius cervicis attachments?

A
  1. proximal:
    - nuchal ligament
    - spinous processes T3-T6
  2. distal:
    - transverse processes C1-C4
25
Q

splenius cervicis innervation?

A

-dorsal or posterior rami of spinal nerves

26
Q

splenius capitis and cervicis functions?

A
  1. unilateral:
    - laterally flex head and neck
    - rotate head and neck
  2. bilateral:
    - extend head and neck
27
Q

Erector spinae muscles?

A
  1. iliocostalis
  2. longissimus
  3. spinalis
28
Q

iliocostalis attachments?

A
  1. proximal:
    - aponeurosis (tendon) tethered to iliac crest, sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments
    - sacral and lumbar spinous processes
  2. distal:
    - angles of ribs
    - transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
29
Q

Longissimus attachments?

A
  1. proximal:
    - aponeurosis (tendon) tethered to iliac crest, sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments
    - sacral and lumbar spinous processes
  2. distal:
    - ribs
    - cervical and thoracic transverse processes
    - mastoid process
30
Q

Spinalis attachments?

A
  1. proximal:
    - lumbar and thoracic spinous processes
  2. distal:
    - upper thoracic spinous processes
31
Q

erector spinae innervation?

A

Dorsal or posterior rami of spinal nerves

32
Q

erector spinae function?

A

extends vertebral column and head

33
Q

Transversospinalis muscle group?

A
  1. semispinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis
  2. multifidus
  3. rotatores
34
Q

Transversospinalis attachments?

A
  • transverse processes

- spinous processes

35
Q

Transversospinalis functions?

A
  1. postural

2. proprioception (rotatores)

36
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the back?

A
  • superficial:
    1. splenius capitis
    2. splenius cervicis
  • intermediate: erector spinae
    1. spinalis
    2. longissimus
    3. iliocostalis
  • deep: transversopinsalis group
    1. semispinalis cap, cerv, thoracis
    2. multifidus
    3. rotatores
37
Q

Suboccipital triangle muscles?

A
  1. rectus capitis posterior major
  2. rectus capitis posterior minor
  3. obliques capitis inferior
  4. obliques capitis superior
38
Q

Major function of sub occipital triangle muscles?

A
  1. extend head on C1

2. rotate head and C1 on C2

39
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major attachments?

A

Proximal: spinous process of C2

Distal: Lateral inferior Nuchal line

40
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor attachments?

A

Proximal: Posterior Tubercle of C1

Distal: Medial 1/3 inferior Nuchal line

41
Q

Obliquus Capitis Inferior attachments?

A

Proximal: spinous process of C2

Distal: Transverse process of C1

42
Q

Obliquus Capitis Superior attachments?

A

Proximal: transverse process of C1

Distal: between superior and inferior nuchal lines

43
Q

Suboccipital Triangle muscles innervation?

A

Sub-occipital Nerve (posterior or dorsal rami or C1)

44
Q

Borders of the Triangle of Auscultation?

A
  • lateral border of Trapezius
  • superior border of Latissimus Dorsi
  • medial border of Scapula

-used to listen to inferior lobe of lung

45
Q

Borders of the Lumbar Triangle?

A
  • posterior border of External Oblique
  • lateral border of Latissimus Dorsi
  • Iliac Crest

-can get hernias through this triangle

PCOM Anatomy (6 decks)

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