Back Muscles Flashcards
How many vertebrae do we have?
-33 total
- 7 cervical (C1-C7)
- 12 thoracic (T1-T12)
- 5 lumbar (L1-L5)
- 5 Sacrum (S1-S5) fused
- 4 Coccyx (Co1-Co4) fused
Trapezius attachments?
- Proximal:
- medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line
- nuchal ligament
- spinous processes of C7-T12 - Distal:
- lateral 1/3 of clavicle
- acromion
- spine of scapula
Trapezius innervation?
spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11)
Trapezius function?
- superior fibers (descending part): elevate scapula
- central fibers (middle part): retract scapula
- inferior fibers (descending part): depress and rotate scapula
Latissimus Dorsi attachments?
- proximal:
- iliac crest
- spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae (T7-T12)
- inferior 3 or 4 ribs
- thoracolumbar fascia - distal:
- intertubercular groove of humerus (bicipital groove)
Latissimus Dorsi innervation?
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)
Latissimus Dorsi function?
- arm extension (pulls down)
- arm adduction
- medial rotation of arm
Rhomboid Major attachments?
- proximal:
- spinous processes T2-T5 vertebrae - distal:
- medial border of scapula below spine
Rhomboids innervation?
Dorsal Scapular nerve (C4, C5)
Rhomboid Minor attachments?
- proximal:
- spinous processes C7 and T1
- nuchal ligament - distal:
- medial border of scapula at or above the spine
Rhomboids function?
- retract scapula
- rotates scapula
- depress glenoid cavity
Levator scapulae attachments?
- proximal:
- transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae - distal:
- superior angle of scapula or medial border
Levator scapulae innervation?
Dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical nerves (C3, C4)
Levator scapulae function?
- elevate scapula
- rotate scapula
- depress glenoid cavity inferiorly
What are the extrinsic back muscles?
- superficial:
1. trapezius
2. lat dorsi
3. rhomboids
4. levator scapulae - intermediate:
1. serratus posterior superior
2. serratus posterior inferior
Serratus posterior superior attachments?
- proximal:
- nuchal ligament
- spinous processes C7-T3 - distal:
- ribs 2-5 (superior borders)
serratus posterior superior innervation?
2nd to 5th intercostal nerves
serratus posterior superior function?
- elevate ribs during forced inspiration
2. proprioception
serratus posterior inferior attachments?
- proximal:
- spinous processes T11-L2 - distal:
- ribs 8-12 (inferior border)
serratus posterior inferior innervation?
- 9th to 11th intercostal nerves
- subcostal nerve (T12)
Serratus posterior inferior function?
- depress ribs during forced expiration
2. proprioception
Splenius Capitis attachments?
- proximal:
- nuchal ligament
- spinous processes C7-T4 - distal:
- mastoid process
- superior nuchal line
splenius capitis innervation?
-dorsal or posterior rami of spinal nerves
splenius cervicis attachments?
- proximal:
- nuchal ligament
- spinous processes T3-T6 - distal:
- transverse processes C1-C4
splenius cervicis innervation?
-dorsal or posterior rami of spinal nerves
splenius capitis and cervicis functions?
- unilateral:
- laterally flex head and neck
- rotate head and neck - bilateral:
- extend head and neck
Erector spinae muscles?
- iliocostalis
- longissimus
- spinalis
iliocostalis attachments?
- proximal:
- aponeurosis (tendon) tethered to iliac crest, sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments
- sacral and lumbar spinous processes - distal:
- angles of ribs
- transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Longissimus attachments?
- proximal:
- aponeurosis (tendon) tethered to iliac crest, sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments
- sacral and lumbar spinous processes - distal:
- ribs
- cervical and thoracic transverse processes
- mastoid process
Spinalis attachments?
- proximal:
- lumbar and thoracic spinous processes - distal:
- upper thoracic spinous processes
erector spinae innervation?
Dorsal or posterior rami of spinal nerves
erector spinae function?
extends vertebral column and head
Transversospinalis muscle group?
- semispinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis
- multifidus
- rotatores
Transversospinalis attachments?
- transverse processes
- spinous processes
Transversospinalis functions?
- postural
2. proprioception (rotatores)
What are the intrinsic muscles of the back?
- superficial:
1. splenius capitis
2. splenius cervicis - intermediate: erector spinae
1. spinalis
2. longissimus
3. iliocostalis - deep: transversopinsalis group
1. semispinalis cap, cerv, thoracis
2. multifidus
3. rotatores
Suboccipital triangle muscles?
- rectus capitis posterior major
- rectus capitis posterior minor
- obliques capitis inferior
- obliques capitis superior
Major function of sub occipital triangle muscles?
- extend head on C1
2. rotate head and C1 on C2
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major attachments?
Proximal: spinous process of C2
Distal: Lateral inferior Nuchal line
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor attachments?
Proximal: Posterior Tubercle of C1
Distal: Medial 1/3 inferior Nuchal line
Obliquus Capitis Inferior attachments?
Proximal: spinous process of C2
Distal: Transverse process of C1
Obliquus Capitis Superior attachments?
Proximal: transverse process of C1
Distal: between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Suboccipital Triangle muscles innervation?
Sub-occipital Nerve (posterior or dorsal rami or C1)
Borders of the Triangle of Auscultation?
- lateral border of Trapezius
- superior border of Latissimus Dorsi
- medial border of Scapula
-used to listen to inferior lobe of lung
Borders of the Lumbar Triangle?
- posterior border of External Oblique
- lateral border of Latissimus Dorsi
- Iliac Crest
-can get hernias through this triangle
