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Projections > Chest > Flashcards

Chest Flashcards

1
Q

Smallest anatomical unit visible on HRCT

A

Secondary lobule of Miller

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2
Q

Def inferior accessory fissure

A

Separates medial basal seg from remainder of lower lobe

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3
Q

Def superior accessory fissue

A

Seperates superior seg from basal segmnet of right lower lobe

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4
Q

MC bug to cause non-segmental pneumonia

A

Strep pneumonia

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5
Q

MC batwing hilar consolidation

A

Hydrostatic pulmonary edema

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6
Q

What are Kerley lines and desc A and B

A

Interlobar septal thickening, A = Longer more medial hilar directed, B = Perpendicular to pleura and short

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7
Q

Desc cavitary lesions wall thickness to say benign vs malignant

A

Benign : <4mm, Malignant >15mm

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8
Q

Cause of passive atelactasis

A

Loss of lung volume

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9
Q

MC cause of round atelectasis

A

Asbestos patients

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10
Q

2 direct signs of atelectasis

A

Displaced interlobar fissue and crowded vessels/brocnhi

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11
Q

Def Potters syndrome

A

Renal agenesis, AbN facies, limb AbN, Pulmonary hypoplasia

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12
Q

Interlobal bronchopulmonary sequestrum

A

Defined triangular opacity in posterior costophrenic, usually on the left

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13
Q

MC loc for a bronchogenic cyst

A

mediastinal

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14
Q

MC loc for a pulmonary bronchogenic cyst

A

Medial 1/3rd of lower lobes

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15
Q

Def Congenital adenomatoid malformation

A

AbN pulmonary tissue with gross cyst formation

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16
Q

Desc Cor trintriatum

A

Heart with 3 atriums, causes venous obstruction

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17
Q

TAPVR shunt direction

A

Goes right to left. required to live. By patent foramen ovale or ASD

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18
Q

Hypoplastic lung with PAPVR in the right lung

A

Scimitar lung

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19
Q

Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome is AKA

A

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. AVM is various tissues, likes the lower lobes

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20
Q

Sandstorm appearance on CXR

A

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis

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21
Q

Rad for Gaucher dz

A

Reticulonodular or miliary pattern that is diffuse and bilateral

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22
Q

Occulocutaneous albanism, defect in platelet function and accumulation of ceroid pigment in the body

A

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome

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23
Q

MC location of edema in air-space disease

A

periphery

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24
Q

MC CAP

A

Strep pneumoniae

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25
Q

Rad DDx between Strep, Staph and Klebsiella

A

Strep - Nonsegmental, touches visceral-pleural surface, only 1 lobe affected
Staph - Segmental, touches fissure, usually more than 1 lobe
Klebsiella - Bulging fissure, cavitation, pleural effusion, currant jelly sputum

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26
Q

Yersinia Pestis is AKA

A

Black Plague

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27
Q

MC opportunistic bug in CF pts

A

Burkholderia Cepacia

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28
Q

MC cause of tracheobronchitis in ventilator pts

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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29
Q

Rad finding of H. influenza

A

Bronchopenumonia that is patchy/segmental, pleural effusion

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30
Q

TB affects which nodes the most

A

Hilar

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31
Q

MC fungal ball

A

Aspergillus

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32
Q

% of cavitary post primary TB

A

20-45%; likes Apical posterior segment of UL

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33
Q

MC complication of post primary TB

A

Pericarditis

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34
Q

Lady Windermere syndrome

A

Older female, focal bronchietactasis, patchy nodules with cavitation

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35
Q

Histoplasmosis likes which lobe

A

Lowers lobes, calcifications

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36
Q

Pneumocystis jiruvici affects what lobes

A

Bi lower lobes

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37
Q

MC form of invasive aspergillosis

A

Angioinvasive aspergillosis (Pts usually have leukemia)

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38
Q

Type of influenza causing pneumonia

A

Type A

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39
Q

Extrapulmonary complications of Mycoplasm, rash, fever, stomatitis, opthalmis

A

Steven-Juhusin

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40
Q

SCC is ass’d with what virus

A

HPV

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41
Q

MC type of bronchogenic CA

A

AdenoCA

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42
Q

2nd MC type of bronchogenic CA

A

SCC

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43
Q

Lung cancer that likes the center

A

Small cell and SCC

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44
Q

% of small pulmonary nodules are malignant

A

40%

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45
Q

Max size of a nodule

A

3cm

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46
Q

What type of calcification indicates benign

A

Diffuse, laminated or central

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47
Q

MC pulmonary cancer to cavitate

A

SCC

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48
Q

Pulmonary cancer to show airspace (pneumonia) pattern

A

bronchoalveolar

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49
Q

Lung cancer to bone mets %

A

40%

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50
Q

Which subtype of lung cancer likes to go to the liver

A

Small cell CA

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51
Q

Myasthenia gravis-like symptoms, but affects proximal mucles rather than distal

A

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

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52
Q

MC primary pulmonary neoplasm in kids/child

A

carcinoid

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53
Q

How often do carcinoid tumors calcify

A

5%

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54
Q

MC tracheobronchial gland neoplasm

A

adenoid cystic carcinoma

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55
Q

Tracheobronchial papilloma is found in what age and where

A

1-3 YO, trachea

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56
Q

Secondary NHL location and cavitation?

A

Lower lobes and rarely cavitates

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57
Q

MC HD lymph nodes loc

A

paratracheal and prearterial

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58
Q

Sex and age of epitheloid hemangioendothelioma

A

<40 YO female

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59
Q

Pulmonary chondromas, gastric epitheloid leiomyosarcoma and extraadrenal paraganglioma is what triad

A

Carney’s triad

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60
Q

Age and sex of Carney triad

A

<40 Female

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61
Q

Chondromas that calcify

A

30%

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62
Q

2nd MC ST sarcoma in lung

A

Fibrosarcoma (MC is leiomyosarcoma)

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63
Q

MC loc of fibrosarcoma in lung

A

Lobar or main bronchi

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64
Q

MC manifestation of thoracic endometriosis

A

Pneumothorax

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65
Q

% of ppl with extrapulmonary Ca with mets to lungs

A

30-50%

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66
Q

MC lung mets presentation and lobe predominance

A

parenchymal nodules and lower lobes

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67
Q

MC and 2nd MC location for colorectal CA mets

A
  1. liver 2. lungs
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68
Q

leading cause of respiratory dz in HIV infected adult

A

Strep pneumonia

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69
Q

% of AIDS pts to get PCP

A

75%

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70
Q

MC fungus ass’d with systemic infection in HIV patients

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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71
Q

Kaposi sarcoma location

A

Perihilar, Bi/sym

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72
Q

Does HIV increase pulmonary CA

A

Yes

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73
Q

MC sarcoid stage is

A

Stage 1

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74
Q

+C agent for sarcoid

A

gallium-67, shows hilar and paratracheal lymphadenopathy

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75
Q

% of LCH with lung disease

A

85%

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76
Q

Loc of LCH in lungs

A

Upper/middle lung zone, sparing costophrenic angle

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77
Q

MC cause of interstitial lung disease

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

78
Q

Diffuse lung disease with diabetes insipidus

A

LCH, histoplasmosis, sarcoid

79
Q

MC rad finding in SLE

A

pleural effusion

80
Q

Age and sex of rheumatoid disease

A

Men 50-60 YOA

81
Q

What antibody is seen in upto 95% of CREST

A

Anticentromere antibody

82
Q

Location pulmonary changes in dermato/polymyositis

A

Sym/Bi, basal

83
Q

% of pts with ABN CXR in Churg-Straus pts

A

70%

84
Q

Small vessel necrotizing vasculitis

A

Microscopic polyangitis

85
Q

Artery affected in Takayasu

A

Aorta and branches

86
Q

Giant cell arteritis affects

A

large arteries of the head and neck

87
Q

Antigen ass’d with Behcet

A

HLA-B51

88
Q

Pulmonary findings in Behcet disease

A

Pulmonary artery aneurysm

89
Q

Necrotizing vasculities of small vessels, purpura, abd pain, GI hemorrhage, arthritis and glomerulonephritis

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

90
Q

Henoch-Schonlein purpura VS microscopic polyangitis

A

HSP - Kids, purpura

MP - 50+

91
Q

Antigens with goodpasture syndrome

A

HLA-DR15, Dr4, anti-GBM

92
Q

MC cause of arterial thrombosis from pulmonary arteries

A

Infectious pneumonia (Staph aureus), Mets can also do it

93
Q

Rad Thromboembolism with hem or infarct

A

Segmental consolidation with volume loss, illdefined parenchymal opacity, MC in RLL

94
Q

MC bug to cause septic thromboembolism

A

Staph aureus

95
Q

MC pulmonary complication of sickle cell anemia

A

Acute chest syndrome

96
Q

MC cause of Cor pulmonale

A

COPD - 80%

97
Q

Size of main pulmonary artery on CT/MR

A

29mm

98
Q

Reversal of the normal L–> R shunt d/t Right heart pressure

A

Eisenmenger syndrome

99
Q

MC cause of pulmonary venous HTN

A

L ventricular hypertrophy

100
Q

Narrow pulmonary vessels lower lobe, disention in upper loss of sharp vasculature margin, perihilar haze

A

Pulmonary venous HTN

101
Q

Primary pulmonary arterial HTN

A

Enlarged central pulmonary artery, rapid tapering, eripheral oligemia, no overinflation

102
Q

MC cause of cardiogenic pulmonary edema

A

Increase pulmonary venous pressure secondary to left heart disease

103
Q

initial location of ARDS

A

peripheral

104
Q

Increase in AP tracheal diameter, COPD

A

Saber Sheath trachea

105
Q

Tracheobronchomegaly is AKA

A

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome

106
Q

blue bloater vs pink puffer; right heart failure

A

Blue bloater - COPD

107
Q

MC lethal genetically transmitted dz in caucasian

A

CF

108
Q

Loc of early CF

A

Periphery 92-3-cm) with hilar nodal enlargement

109
Q

Bronchiectasis adjacent to a pulmonary artery

A

Signet ring sign

110
Q

Mechanical obstruction of genital tract, bronchiectasis and sinusitis

A

Young’s syndrome

111
Q

Location of respiratory bronchilitis

A

Upper lobes

112
Q

Loc of nodular opacity with silica

A

Posterior aspect of upper lobe

113
Q

MC complication of chest trauma

A

Pulmonary contusion

114
Q

MC of chylothorax

A

malignancy

115
Q

MC cause and loc of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax

A

COPD, 90% are right sided

116
Q

HU of liposarcoma

A

-50

117
Q

MC cause of acute mediastinitis

A

bacterial infection

118
Q

MC cause of chronic mediastinitis

A

TB/fungal

119
Q

MC organism in fibrosing mediastinitis

A

Histoplasma

120
Q

MC primary neoplasm of anterior mediastinum

A

Thymoma

121
Q

MC paraneoplastic syndrome with thymoma

A

Myasthenia gravis

122
Q

Teratoma malignancy rate when cystic vs solid

A 
Cystic = Benign
Solid = Malignant
123
Q

MC malignant mediastinal germ cell neoplasm

A

Seminoma

124
Q

Giant lymph node hyperplasia is AKA

A

Castleman dz

125
Q

MC loc of bronchogenic cyst

A

Paratracheal/subcarinal

126
Q

Loc of paraganglioma

A

Aorticopulmonary and paravertebral

127
Q

Def aortic nipple

A

Dilation of left superior intercostal vein

128
Q

2 syndromes that can affect the ascending aorta

A

Marfans and Ehlers-Danlos

129
Q

MC malignant neoplasm of Diaphragm

A

Fibrosarcoma

130
Q

4 defects in TOF

A
  1. Pulmonic stenosis, 2. Right ventricular hypertrophy, 3. High VSD, 4. Overriding aorta
131
Q

Def Ebstein anomaly

A

Downward displacement of tricuspid valve with enlarged R atrium and small R ventricle

132
Q

Heart shape in Ebstein anomaly

A

Box/square shaped

133
Q

Consistent finding in PDA

A

Enlarged pulmonary artery

134
Q

L to R shunts are cyanotic or non-cyanotic

A

Non-cyanotic

135
Q

What is Lutembacher syndrome

A

ASD with mitral stenosis

136
Q

What enlarges with a VSD

A

Bi ventricles and L atrium

137
Q

Common anomaly ass’d with COA

A

Bicuspid aortic valve (85%)

138
Q

Williams syndrome is

A

Mental and physical retardation, Elfin facies, hypercalcemia and peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis

139
Q

MC type of COA

A

Distal to the ductus arteriosus

140
Q

COA can be ass’d with chromosomal syndrome

A

Turners syndrome

141
Q

Classification system for rotation anomalies of the heart

A

Rosenbaum

142
Q

% of pts with TOF with R aortic arch

A

25%

143
Q

% of pts with R aortic arch that have TOF

A

90%

144
Q

MC anomaly of the great vessels

A

Abberant R subclavian

145
Q

Mc cause of cor pulmonale

A

Pulmonary emphysema

146
Q

MC cause of ventricular aneurysm

A

Coronary a. occulsion

147
Q

MC loc of a myxoma

A

L atrium (75%), R atrium (25%)

148
Q

Loc of cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma or fibrosarcoma

A

ventricular wall

149
Q

Age and sex of a Takayasu Pt and rad findings

A

Young females, large vessel wall calcification

150
Q

Spyhillitic (leutic) aortitis

A

Ascending aorta dilation with thin calcification

151
Q

MC location of traumatic aneurysm in horizontal deceleration

A

Distal to L subclavian

152
Q

MC location of traumatic aneurysm in vertical deceleration

A

Just above the aortic valve

153
Q

Water bottle heart shape is found in what condition

A

Pericardial effusion

154
Q

MC mass involving the pericardium

A

Pericardial cyst

155
Q

Nocardia pneumonia is common in

A

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

156
Q

ABPA rad

A

Central, upper lobes with saccular bronchiectasis, finger in glove sign

157
Q

Size of lymph node in SAX b9 vs malignant

A

b9 <1cm ; malignant >1cm

158
Q

AdenoCA likes to mets where

A

Adrenals

159
Q

Small and large cell CA likes to mets where

A

Brain, bone and kidney

160
Q

MC loc of a hamartoma and what is its CT HU

A

peripheral; fat attenuation (-40 to -120)

161
Q

What % of Stage 1 sarcoid progresses

A

15%

162
Q

Def Heerfordt synd

A

Parotid gland enlargement, fever, uveitis, CN palsies seen with sarcoid

163
Q

Sarcoid secondary infxn is

A

Aspergilosis

164
Q

Smoking related ILD

A

DIP

165
Q

Connective tissue/ autoimmune related ILD

A

LIP

166
Q

Hammond-Rich synd is AKA

A

Acute intersitial pneumonia

167
Q

Demo for LAM syn

A

Young female, recurrent pneumothorax, hemoptysis and progressive dyspnea

168
Q

MC and 2MC sites of involvement in scleroderma

A

Distal 2/3 of esophagus and lungs

169
Q

Lung changes in EG pts

A

Cystic spaces in lung parenchyma, pulmonary nodules, apical reticulonodular pattern, pneumothorax

170
Q

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis is AKA & rad

A

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Diffuse GGO, reticulonodular interstitial pattern

171
Q

Loffler syn AKA

A

Simple pulmonary eosinophilia

172
Q

% of tracheobronchial tumors are malignant, MC and 2nd MC

A

90%
SCC
Adenoid cystic carcinoma

173
Q

tracheobronchomegaly is ass’d with what syndrome

A

Ehlers-Danlos

174
Q

GI manifestations of CF

A

Pancreatic insufficiency, liver cirrhosis and rectal prolapse

175
Q

Grades of cardiogenic pulmonary edema

A

Grade 1 - Vascular redistribution (cephaliation)
Grade 2 - Interstitial edema (Kerleys)
Grade 3 - Alveolar edema

176
Q

Def Fleischner sign

A

Increase in pulmonary a diameter in acute PE

177
Q

MC structural cardiac defects

A

Bicuspid aortic valve and mitral valve prolapse

178
Q

2nd MC congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

179
Q

Rad appearance of eisenmenger physiology

A

Large pulmonary a, left atrial enlargment, peripheral pulmonary arterial pruning

180
Q

MC types of ASD

A

Ostium secundum

181
Q

ASD is ass’d with what conditions

A

Holt-Oram, Lutembacher syndrome

182
Q

Endocardial cushion defect is ass’d with

A

Downs (21)

183
Q

What conditions lead to left to right shunt

A

VSD, PDA, ASD

Seen in PAPVR

184
Q

Def Noonan syn and what cardiac abN

A

Short stature, webbed neck and hypogonadism and valvular pulmonary stenosis

185
Q

Shunt in PRE-ductal COA

A

Right to left Via PDA or VSD

186
Q

Shunt in POST-ductal COA

A

Left to right Via PDA

187
Q

Egg-on-string heart sign is ass’d with what

A

Transposition of the great vessels

188
Q

Def truncus arteriosus and ass’d

A

Single vessel leaves the heart, needs VSD to survive

189
Q

MC congenital aortic arch anomaly

A

L aortic arch and aberrant R subclavian

190
Q

Abd situs solitus

A

Liver on R and stomach on L… This is normal

191
Q

Abd situs ambiguous

A

Sym liver and midline stomach

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