CHES BAY QUIZ 3

Question 1

ingredients of photosynthesis

Answer 1

chlorophyll a + Sun + CO2 +H2O (above pycnocline)

Question 2

what bacteria use to decompose algae

Answer 2

dissolved oxygen

Question 3

Products of photosynthesis

Answer 3

sugar and oxygen

Question 4

consequences of algae

Answer 4

more bacteria and more dissolved oxygen consumed

Question 5

when dissolved oxygen below pycnocline is lowest

Answer 5

summer and very early fall

Question 6

what happens to algae when it dies

Answer 6

sinks below pycnocline and is decomposed by bacteria

Question 7

consequences of nitrogen and phosphorous

Answer 7

algae grow faster than ecosystems can handle

Question 8

oxygen is a ______ product of photosynthesis

Answer 8

waste

Question 9

importance of sugar

Answer 9

growth and reproduction

Question 10

autotrophs

Answer 10

make their own food through photosynthesis

Question 11

cellular respiration

Answer 11

a process that releases energy from sugar to perform the functions of life – conversion of food you eat into energy your body uses. sugar and oxygen convert to CO2, water, and energy

Question 12

how carbon, oxygen and water recycle continuously from inorganic to organic form and back

Answer 12

photosynthesis and respiration

Question 13

as water temperature increases, the ___ oxygen a molecule of water can hold

Answer 13

less

Question 14

as salinity increases, the ___ oxygen a molecule of water can hold

Answer 14

less

Question 15

diurnal cycle of oxygen

Answer 15

increases in the morning with photosynthesis, peaks in late afternoon, and decreases when the sun goes down and respiration occurs. also varies seasonally (as temps increase in summer, water holds less oxygen)

Question 16

productivity

Answer 16

The rate at which energy is converted by autotrophs (ALGAE) into carbon substances or biomass

Question 17

gross primary productivity

Answer 17

The total amount of organic material or biomass produced by autotrophs per unit of time

Question 18

Net primary productivity

Answer 18

the remaining fraction of carbon or biomass produced minus the energy lost due to energy used by the autotrophs in respiration

Question 19

Biomass

Answer 19

the total mass of living matter, or recently living organisms (plants, plant-derived material and animals) in a given unit of environmental area or volume

Question 20

why estuaries are so productive

Answer 20

point sources and runoff entering them brings in high levels of nutrients (N&P). ratio of watershed to bay surface area is large so lot of land contributing to small amount of water. fast turnover (rate of photosynthesis and respiration)

Question 21

consequence of water being a polar molecule

Answer 21

pollutants attach to it

Question 22

the faster turnover rate of photosynthesis-respiration, the _______ the total biomass passes energy into the ecosystem

Answer 22

faster

Question 23

marine/estuarine turnover is ___ times faster than terrestrial

Answer 23

300

Question 24

nitrogen cycle

Answer 24

a repeating cycle of processes during which nitrogen moves through both living and non-living things: the atmosphere, soil, water, plants, animals and bacteria. In order to move through the different parts of the cycle, nitrogen must change forms.

Question 25

nitrogen fixation

Answer 25

Fixation converts nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere into ammonia or forms that plants can absorb through their root systems. CONSUMES OXYGEN

Question 26

nitrification

Answer 26

ammonia (NH4) in the soils is converted into compounds called nitrites and nitrates (NO2/No3)– CONSUMES OXYGEN

Question 27

denitrification

Answer 27

nitrogen returns to the air as nitrates are converted to atmospheric nitrogen (N2) by bacteria

Question 28

The more dead material there is to decompose, the the ___ active the bacteria become and the more oxygen they need.

Answer 28

more

Question 29

16:1 nitrogen phosphorous ratio

Answer 29

neither N or P limiting - algae grows well

Question 30

> 16:1 nitrogen phosphorous ratio

Answer 30

P limiting (upper Bay)

Question 31

< 16:1 nitrogen phosphorous ratio

Answer 31

N limiting (lower Bay)

Question 32

Redfield ratio

Answer 32

phytoplankton controls nutrient chemistry of the waters – you can cause a nutrient to be limiting and thus control the amount of algae being grown

Question 33

Areas of Bay with Large watershed:water surface ratio have ____

Answer 33

lots of Nitrogen (high N:P)

Question 34

Areas of Bay with Low watershed:water surface ratio have ___

Answer 34

less Nitrogen (low N:P)

Question 35

where nitrogen is lowest

Answer 35

open ocean away from land

Question 36

All plants need _____, _____, and _____ to grow.

Answer 36

nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium

Question 37

The more algae, the more ___, the less ___

Answer 37

bacteria, dissolved oxygen

Question 38

zooplankton

Answer 38

eat phytoplankton – but there aren’t enough of them to eat all, so that’s why phytoplankton fall to bottom

Question 39

Decomposition (nitrogen cycle)

Answer 39

Bacteria and fungi decay convert the dead remains of plants or animals or their waste products to ammonia (NH3).

Question 40

organic nitrogen

Answer 40

We use the term “organic nitrogen” to describe a nitrogen compound that had its origin in living material. The nitrogen in protein and urea is organic nitrogen. Organic nitrogen can enter septic systems as bodily wastes, discarded food material, or as components of cleaning agents.