Chempath 24: Nutrition Flashcards
List 4 fat soluble vitamins ?
A
D
E
K
What does vitamin A defficiency cause ?
Colourblindness, poor night vision
What does Vitamin D deficiency cause ?
Osteomalacia / Rickets
What does vitamin E deficiency cause ?
Neuropathy
Anaemia
What does Vitamin K deficiency cause ?
Haemorrhage
Which tests of coagulation can be used to test for Vitamin K deficiency ?
PT (initially elevated due to FVIIa deficiency
PTT (elevated in more severe deficiency when the intrinsic pathway is also affected)
What does vitamin b12 deficiency cause ?
Pernicious anaemia
What does vitamin C deficiency cause ?
Scurvy
What does folate deficiency cause ?
Megaloblastic anaemia
Neural tube defects (if in pregnancy)
What does Niacin (Vit B3) deficiency cause ?
Pellagra
What does vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency cause ?
Beri-beri
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
What is the triad of Pellagra ?
Diarrhoea
Dermatitis
Dementia
(Later death)
What is the difference between wet and dry beriberi ?
Wet
- Mainly affects cardiovascular system
- signs of heart failure (high output)
- SOB
Dry
- Mainly affects peripheral nervous system
- parasthesia
- paralysis
- confusion
- nystagmus
- Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Which medication is given to alcoholics to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy ?
Pabrinex (Vitamin B)
What does Iodine deficiency cause ?
Hypothyroidism
Goitre
Which disease is associated with excess copper ?
Wilson’s disease
What does Flouride deficiency cause ?
Dental caries
What does Iron deficiency cause ?
A microcytic hypochromoc anaemia
What does leptin do ?
Increases satiety
What does ghrelin do ?
Increases hunger
What does PYY do ?
Increases satiety
Which hormone is released by white adipose and reduced in people with obesity ?
Adiponectin
Give an example of an amino acid that cannot be synthesised by a foetus so is received via the placenta ?
Cysteine
List 3 endocrine conditions that could cause obesity ?
Hypothyroidism
Cushing’s syndrome
Acromegaly
(Leptin receptor deficiency,)
List 2 medical treatments of obesity ?
Orlistat- Inhibits pancreatic lipase so that fat is not absorbed well
GLP-1 - a diabetic drug that also increases satiety
List 3 bariatric surgery procedures ?
Gastric banding
Sleeve Gastrectomy
Roux-en-Y bypass
What causes kwashiorkor ?
Protein deficiency
Bilateral pitting oedema, subcutaneous fat, hepatomegaly
What causes Marasmus ?
Low dietary carbohydrate, lipid and protein intake
Starved looking child
What test can be used to confirm thiamine deficiency in Wernicke’s encephalopathy ?
RBC transketolase
Which disease presents with a characteristic pigmented rash known as “Casal’s necklace”
Pellagra (vit B3 deficiency)
Patient presents with dermatitis, dementia, diarrhoea and a pigmented rash around their neck in the shape of a necklace.
Most likely diagnosis ?
Pellagra
