Chempath 23: Enzymes And Cardiac Markers Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 organs are most commonly associated with ALP rise in case of pathology ?

A

Liver

Bone

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2
Q

When does bone release excess ALP ?

A

In pathologically high Osteoblast activity

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3
Q

How can you differentiate if the pathology is in the liver or Bone when ALP is high?

A

Measure GGT. If also high it suggests that the liver has the pathology.

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4
Q

List 2 physiological causes of high ALP ?

A

Pregnancy (ALP is released by the placenta)

Growth spurts in children (bone)

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5
Q

Which 2 bone diseases produce a high ALP (> 5X upper limit) ?

A

Osteomalacia

Paget’s disease

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6
Q

List 2 pathologies of the liver that cause a high ALP (> 5X upper limit) ?

A

Cholestasis

Cirrhosis

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7
Q

Which of these causes a high ALP but not more than 5X the upper limit ?

A) Bone fracture
B) Osteomyelitis 
C) Hepatitis 
D) Bone tumours
E) Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis
A

E) Alcoholic liver cirrhosis

Cirrhosis of the liver causes a high ALP > 5X the upper limit

The rest are all causes of a high ALP but < 5X the upper limit

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8
Q

Which test would you do to confirm acute pancreatitis ?

A

Serum Amylase

Pancreatic Lipase

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9
Q

Which disease that is normally vaccinated against can cause a high Amylase ?

A

Mumps

Causes parotid swelling (parotitis) which releases amylase

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10
Q

Which form of Creatine kinase is specific for the heart ?

A

CK-MB

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11
Q

Which form of Creatine kinase is specific for skeletal muscle?Which one is specific for the brain ?

A

CK-MM

CK-BB

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12
Q

Which drug used in treatment of cardiovascular disease can causes myalgia or even Rhabdomyelisis and also raised creatine kinase?

A

Statins

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13
Q

How many hours post MI do troponins start to rise ?

A

4-6 hours

They peak at 12-24 hours and remain elevated for 3-10 days

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14
Q

Are cardiac markers used to influence decisions about thrombolysis ?

A

No they are too slow to rise

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15
Q

List 2 cardiac markers that are useful in heart failure ?

A

ANP (from the atria)

BNP (from the ventricles)

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16
Q

List 3 enzymes that are biomarkers for MI ?

A

Myoglobin
CK-MB
Troponin

17
Q

Which enzyme cardiac biomarker rises earliest after an MI ?

A

Myoglobin

But not very specific

18
Q

Which biomarker is most useful to detect re-infarction after a very recent MI.

A

CKMB

19
Q

Which liver enzyme is raised in an MI ?

A

AST