Chemotherapy Drugs

Question 1

Which drugs are associated with myelosuppression?

Answer 1

Cyclophosphamide, Iphosphamide, Busulfan, methotrexate, 6-MP, 5-FU c, Etoposide, Doxorubicin, Daunarubicin

Question 2

What is the toxicities of Carmustine?

Answer 2

Carmustine is administed with Ethanol– if you are taking Dusulfuran for alcohol, ethanol in Carmustine can have negative effects

Question 3

What are the 2 cisplatin and carboplatin toxicities?

Answer 3

1) Kidney damage due to potassium and magnesium wasting

2) They accumulate in inner ear and cause hearing loss

Question 4

What is Methotrexate’s Mechanism?

Answer 4

Inhibits purine synthesis

s phase

Question 5

What is the resistance that tumor cells have built up to Methotrexate?

Answer 5

The decrease uptake of of drug, DHFR mutation

s-phase

Question 6

What is methotrexate’s main toxicity? There are 3!!!!

Answer 6

1) Myelosuppression
2) Mucocytis- break down of GI mucosa (can be remedies by good oral care)
3) Third spacing where methotrexate builds up- A WAY OF PROTECTING IT FROM CLEARANCE PROCESS

s-phase

Question 7

What is the drug prevention for Methotrexate toxicities?

Answer 7

LUECOVORIN– folate substitute that can stop MTX toxicities in regular cell —–> can enter normal cells, cannot enter tumor cells

s-phase

Question 8

What is the mechanism for 6- Mercaptopurine and Azothiaprine? And what is its toxicity (21)?

Answer 8

Inhibits enzymes of purine biosynthesis

Its toxicities are 1) MYELOSUPPRESSION and 2) T cell supression with PJ Pneumonia

s-phase

Question 9

What is the mechanism for 5-Flourouracil? And what is the toxcicity?

Answer 9

Inhibits Pyrimidine biosynthesis

s-phase

Question 10

What is the mechanism of Hydroxyurea?

Answer 10

Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitor

s-phase

Question 11

What is the toxicity of Cytarabine?

Answer 11

Cerebellar neurotoxicity and accumulation in tears ducts (conjunctivitis)

s-phase

Question 12

What category of drug Doxarubicin and Donarubicin?

Answer 12

Anthrocyclins

Question 13

What is the MOA of Doxarubins and Donarubins? And what is their class and phase target?

Answer 13

1) They create kinks in the DNA that inhibit unwinding

2) The produce dna-damaging oxygen radicals

Question 14

What is the toxicity of camptothecins (topo 1) inhibitors?

Answer 14

Severe Diarrhea

Question 15

Which Topo 2 inhibitor is know to cause severe myelosuppression and AML?

Answer 15

Etopiside

Question 16

What are the toxicities of Doxrubicin and Duanarubucin? (THE ANTHROCYCLINS)

Answer 16

Cause cardiac damage:

NOTE!!!Dexrozoxane block build up of oxygen radicals

-SKIN ISSUE,BLISTERING

Question 17

What phase to Bleomycin and Dactinomyin drugs fall into?

Answer 17

G2 Phase

Question 18

What are the toxicities of bleomycin and bulsulfan?

Answer 18

Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 19

What is the mechanism vinca alakaloids and the taxanes, respectively?

Answer 19

Vincalakyloids (vincristine, vinblastine) prevent polymerlzation of microtubules and Taxanes (paclitaxil) prevents depolymerizarion

Question 20

What is the toxicity of vincristine?

Answer 20

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 21

Which drugs should you NEVER inject in the spinal column? and why?

Answer 21

Vinblastine and Vincristine

Question 22

Irinotecan/topotecan toxicity? and phase?

Answer 22

Severe Diahhrea, S phase targeting

Question 23

What is the toxicity of the anthrcyclins? And how do you treat

Answer 23

Cardiotoxicity, treated with Dexrazozone