Chemotherapy Drugs Flashcards
Which drugs are associated with myelosuppression?
Cyclophosphamide, Iphosphamide, Busulfan, methotrexate, 6-MP, 5-FU c, Etoposide, Doxorubicin, Daunarubicin
What is the toxicities of Carmustine?
Carmustine is administed with Ethanol– if you are taking Dusulfuran for alcohol, ethanol in Carmustine can have negative effects
What are the 2 cisplatin and carboplatin toxicities?
1) Kidney damage due to potassium and magnesium wasting
2) They accumulate in inner ear and cause hearing loss
What is Methotrexate’s Mechanism?
Inhibits purine synthesis
s phase
What is the resistance that tumor cells have built up to Methotrexate?
The decrease uptake of of drug, DHFR mutation
s-phase
What is methotrexate’s main toxicity? There are 3!!!!
1) Myelosuppression
2) Mucocytis- break down of GI mucosa (can be remedies by good oral care)
3) Third spacing where methotrexate builds up- A WAY OF PROTECTING IT FROM CLEARANCE PROCESS
s-phase
What is the drug prevention for Methotrexate toxicities?
LUECOVORIN– folate substitute that can stop MTX toxicities in regular cell —–> can enter normal cells, cannot enter tumor cells
s-phase
What is the mechanism for 6- Mercaptopurine and Azothiaprine? And what is its toxicity (21)?
Inhibits enzymes of purine biosynthesis
Its toxicities are 1) MYELOSUPPRESSION and 2) T cell supression with PJ Pneumonia
s-phase
What is the mechanism for 5-Flourouracil? And what is the toxcicity?
Inhibits Pyrimidine biosynthesis
s-phase
What is the mechanism of Hydroxyurea?
Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitor
s-phase
What is the toxicity of Cytarabine?
Cerebellar neurotoxicity and accumulation in tears ducts (conjunctivitis)
s-phase
What category of drug Doxarubicin and Donarubicin?
Anthrocyclins
What is the MOA of Doxarubins and Donarubins? And what is their class and phase target?
1) They create kinks in the DNA that inhibit unwinding
2) The produce dna-damaging oxygen radicals
What is the toxicity of camptothecins (topo 1) inhibitors?
Severe Diarrhea
Which Topo 2 inhibitor is know to cause severe myelosuppression and AML?
Etopiside
What are the toxicities of Doxrubicin and Duanarubucin? (THE ANTHROCYCLINS)
Cause cardiac damage:
NOTE!!!Dexrozoxane block build up of oxygen radicals
-SKIN ISSUE,BLISTERING
What phase to Bleomycin and Dactinomyin drugs fall into?
G2 Phase
What are the toxicities of bleomycin and bulsulfan?
Pulmonary fibrosis
What is the mechanism vinca alakaloids and the taxanes, respectively?
Vincalakyloids (vincristine, vinblastine) prevent polymerlzation of microtubules and Taxanes (paclitaxil) prevents depolymerizarion
What is the toxicity of vincristine?
Peripheral neuropathy
Which drugs should you NEVER inject in the spinal column? and why?
Vinblastine and Vincristine
Irinotecan/topotecan toxicity? and phase?
Severe Diahhrea, S phase targeting
What is the toxicity of the anthrcyclins? And how do you treat
Cardiotoxicity, treated with Dexrazozone