Chemotherapy Flashcards
cyclophosphamide
alkylating agent, prodrug converted to mustard form (induction of P450 enzymes)
Forms DNA cross links leading to strand breakage
side effects: hemorrhagic cystitis
cisplatin
carboplatin
alkylating agents
side effects: ototoxic
nephrotoxic
procarbazine
converted into azo derivative to be active against cancer cells
Thioguanine
incorporated as purine base - messes up DNA synth
side effects: nausea
5-FU
inhibits thymidylate synthetase
incorporated - DNA
side effects: photosensitivity, diarrhea
Paclitaxel
interferes with micro tubules
side effects: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, peripheral neuropathy
vincristine
binds to micro tubular proteins in dimeric form –> mitotic arrest at metaphase
side effects: peripheral neuritis, alopecia, less GI upset
doxorubicin
anthracycline antibiotic
generates toxic semiquinone free radicals
inhibits topoisomerase II
Blocks DNA synth
side effects: cardio toxicity, alopecia, bone marrow depression
Cytarbine
converted to triphosphate form
if araCTP incorporated into DNA –> apoptosis
Gemcitabine
enters normal and tumor cells via CNT & ENT
S-phase specific
Paclitaxel
mitotic spindle poison (freeze cell in metaphase)
side effects: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, peripheral neuropathy
Docetaxel
mitotic spindle poison
side effects: bone marrow toxicity, neurotoxicity, fluid retention
vinblastine
binds to micro tubular proteins in dimeric form
side effects: marrow depletion
capothecins
topoisomerase I inhibitors
removes supercoils one at a time
iratecan, topotecan
podophyllotoxins
topoisomerase II inhibitor
side effects: hematopoietic & lymphoid toxicity
