Chemo Resistance

Question 1

What are the two types of resistance

Answer 1

Primary - before
Aquired - after

Question 2

what are the four models of cancer resistance

Answer 2

Conventional
Cancer stem cell
Aquired resistance stem cell
intrinsic resistance

Question 3

what are the three main mechanism of resistance

Answer 3

Pump out
Prevent entry
Repair damage

Question 4

Give example of a tumour suppressor

Answer 4

P53

Question 5

Give example of a oncogene

Answer 5

HER2

Question 6

Describe how MD1 Gene leads to increased drug resistance

Answer 6

Codes P-glycoprotein
Increases activity of ATP pumps
Drugs pumped out

Question 7

What type of resistance is MD1 associated with

Answer 7

Pump

Question 8

what are three ways in which doxorubicin cause resistance

Answer 8

Overexpression of MD1 leads to increased pumping out

Increase rate of DNA repair

Modulate drug uptake into cell

Question 9

What are the resistance mechanisms of methotrexate

Answer 9

Basically DHFR is inhibited by methotrexate which stops purines and pyrimidine bases being produced

as a response DHFR is overexpressed leading to a resistance

Question 10

What is the resistance mechanism of Cisplatin

Answer 10

so cisplatin is taken into the cell via copper transport 1

if there is a mutation in CTR1 that reduces the expression then less cisplatin and therefor less effect

Question 11

What is the resistacne mechanisms of Herceptin / Trastuzumab

Answer 11

Herceptin is a monoclonal and needs an extracellular protein to bind too

In cancer this extracellular protein is removed so it can bind and make a change