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chemistry_atoms Flashcards

0
Q

What is atom made of?

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

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1
Q

How many types of atoms?

A

120

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2
Q

Where are neutrons and protons found?

A

In nucleus

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3
Q

What does the mass number represent?

A

Numbers of protons and neutrons present in an atom

Top number

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4
Q

What does the atomic number represent?

A

Number of protons present in atom

Bottom number

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5
Q

Connection between no. Of protons and no. Of electrons

A

Same if neutral

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6
Q

What is an atom with charge called?

A

An ion

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7
Q

What can you not change in an atom?

A

Protons and neutrons

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8
Q

Where does the electrons orbit?

A

Shells

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9
Q

How many electrons can the first she’ll hold?

A

2

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10
Q

How many electrons can the second shell hold?

A

8

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11
Q

How many electrons can the third shell hold?

A

8

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12
Q

How many electrons can the fourth shell hold?

A

2

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13
Q

What are the rows in the periodic table called?

A

Periods

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14
Q

What are the columns called in periodic table?

A

Groups

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15
Q

Is hydrogen metal or non metal?

A

Non metal

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16
Q

How does the periodic table divide the metals and non metals?

A

B C N O Fe Ne
____
Al | Si P S Cl Ar
|____
|_____
|______
|

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17
Q

Periodic table is arranged in the order of what?

A

Number of electrons

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18
Q

The period number corresponds to what?

A

Number of shells

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19
Q

What does the group corresponds to?

A

Number of electrons in outer shell

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20
Q

What are the elements of group 8 known as?

A

Noble gas

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21
Q

What makes an atom un-reactive?and what’s that called?

A

Having a full outer shell

Inert

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22
Q

What does all elements want?

A

A full outer shell

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23
Q

Where is the transition metals?

A

The middle bit

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24
Q

Charge on ions in periodic table

A

Metals are positive

And nonmetal is negative

25
Q

Why all the ions have the charges that they do?

A

Atoms gain or lose electrons to gain full outer shell

26
Q

Group one metals are known as…

A

Alkali metals

27
Q

Observations

When group one metals were added in water

A 
The float and reduce in size
Gas produced( hydrogen)
Ball shaped
Potassium downwards have enough energy to make flame
Water becomes alkali
More reactive as you go down
28
Q

Lithium + water —>

Li + H2O —>

A

Lithium + water —> lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
Li + H2O —> LiOH + H2
2Li + 2G2O —> 2LiOH + H2

29
Q

What conduct electricity and what does not?

A

Metals conducts and non metals don’t

30
Q

What are basic

A

Metal oxide

31
Q

What is acidic

A

No metals are acidic

32
Q

In the reaction between magnesium and steam
What gas is produced?
What colour does magnesium burn?

A

Hydrogen

Bright white light

33
Q

Steam + magnesium —>

H2O + Mg—>

A

Steam + magnesium —> hydrogen + Magnesium oxide

H2O + Mg —> H2 + MgO

34
Q

Are group 2 metals more or less reactive than group 1?

A

Less

35
Q

Group 1&2 are more ____ as you go down the group

Why?

A

Reactive

Because as you go down, the outer electrons are further away from the nucleus and so easier to lose.

36
Q

Flame testing

What colour does lithium ions burn?

A

Red

37
Q

What colour dies calcium ion burn?

A

Brick red

38
Q

What colour does sodium ion burn?

A

Yellow

39
Q

What colour does barium burn?

A

Apple green

40
Q

What colour does potassium ion burn?

A

Lilac

41
Q

What colour does copper ions burn?

A

Green

42
Q

A positive ion is called a ______

A

Cation

43
Q

When an atom lose electrons its called______

A

Oxidation

44
Q

A negative ion is called _____

A

Anion

45
Q

When atom gain electrons we call it_____

A

Reduction

46
Q

OIL RIG

A

Oxidation is loss Reduction is gain

47
Q

Metal and metal bonding

A

Metallic bonding

48
Q

Nonmetal and metal bonding

A

ionic bonding

49
Q

Non metal and non metal bonding

A

Covalent bonding

50
Q

What bonding is sodium chloride

A

ionic bonding

51
Q

Definition of an ionic bond

A

An ionic bond is the strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

52
Q

Metal always ______ electrons

Non metals always ____electrons

A

Lose

Gain

53
Q

All ionic compounds have the charge of___

A

0

54
Q

What is the characteristics of an ionic compound? And why

A

It has high boiling and melting point
Because forces of attraction is high between opposite charges
It require a lot of energy to break

55
Q

What is the first group aka?

A

Alkali metal

56
Q

What is the 2nd group aka?

A

Alkali earth metas

57
Q

What is the relationship between the electronic configuration and the position of an element in the periodic table?

A

Number of electrons in outer shell is the group and number of shell is the period

58
Q

Describe how to carry out a flame test?

A

Unwire in-chrome wire, use tong to dip it in hydrochloric acid, and dip the end of the wire into metal compound and put it over a blue roaring flame and observe the colour in the first few seconds

59
Q

Why does the element in the same group has similar properties?

A

Because they have the same number of electrons on the outer shell

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