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LAURA SCIENCE YEAR 10 > Chemistry Year 10 > Flashcards

Chemistry Year 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Physical change

A 
No new substance made
Reversible
Change in state
No fizzing or bubbling
No colour change
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2
Q

Chemical change

A 
Energy change
Non reversible
New substance made
Precipitate formed
Fizzing or bubbling
Colour change
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3
Q

Universal indicator

A 
ACID = red or orange
BASE = blue or purple
NEUTRAL = green
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4
Q

pH scale

A 
1-6 = ACID
1= strong acid, 6= weak

7= NEUTRAL

8-14 = BASE
8 = weak
14 = strong base
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5
Q

Discuss OH-

A

Hydroxide ions, a BASE.
OH- ions released when put in water
Remove the H+ ions from a substance

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6
Q

Discuss H+ ions

A

Hydrogen ions
Are an ACID
H+ ions released when put in water

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7
Q

Properties of acids

A

Turn blue litmus paper red
Have a sour taste
Produce hydrogen when mixed with a metal
Produce CO2 when mixed with carbonate (marble chips)

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8
Q

Organic acid

A

Usually weak
Are found in nature
Contain carbon

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9
Q

Mineral acid

A

Usually strong (eg hydrochloride acid HCl)

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10
Q

Acid + base =

A

Water + salt

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11
Q

Acid + metal =

A

Hydrogen + salt

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12
Q

Acid + carbonate =

A

Water + salt + carbon dioxide (CO2)

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13
Q

Metal + oxygen =

A

Metal oxide

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14
Q

Metal + water =

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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15
Q

HCl + KOH/

Hydrochloric acid + potassium hydroxide =

A

H2O + KCl/

Water + potassium chloride

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16
Q

H2SO4 + CuCo3/

Sulfuric acid + copper carbonate =

A

H2O + CO2 + CuSO4/

Water + carbon dioxide + copper sulphate

17
Q

HNO3 + Mg/

Nitric acid + magnesium =

A

H2O + MgNO3/

Water + magnesium nitrate

18
Q

Testing for HYDROGEN

A

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and magnesium (Mg) together makes hydrogen. To test for H2, light a match near the top of the test tube and it will make a pop noise

19
Q

Testing for Carbon Dioxide

A

Hydrochloride acid (HCl) and marble chips (ClCO3) together make carbon dioxide (CO2). Bubble it throu lime water & if it turns milky it is CO2.

20
Q

What is O+ ?

A

Oxide

21
Q

What is OH-?

A

Hydroxide

22
Q

What is SO4 ?

A

Sulphate

23
Q

What is CO3 ?

A

Carbonate

24
Q

What is NO3 ?

A

Nitrate

25
Q

How and why do atoms and molecules form ions?

A

Because they do not have a full outer shell. They will either lose or gain electrons to make a full outer shell. That means they will turn positive or negative.
If they lose electrons, they become positive
If they gain electrons, they become positive

26
Q

Household acids

A 
Vinegar
Tartaric acid
Citric acid
Tomato juice
Orange juice
Fizzy drink
27
Q

Household bases

A

Bases have a soapy feel, so any cleaning product is normally a base
Eg handy Andy, janola

Nail polish remover
Oven cleaner
Bleach
Toothpaste
Detergent
Shampoo
28
Q

List some metals from MOST reactive to LEAST reactive

A

{MOST REACTIVE }. Ca -> Mg -> Al -> Zn -> Fe -> Cu -> Au {LEAST REACTIVE }
Calcium -> magnesium -> aluminium -> zinc -> iron -> copper -> gold

29
Q

Discuss SHERBET

A

Sherbet contains an acid (citric acid) & a carbonate (NaHCO3). When combined, these make carbon dioxide (CO2), which creates the frothing in the mouth.
The other acid on its own (tartaric acid) creates the sour taste and the icing sugar causes the sweet taste.
Your tongue becomes wet because the acid and the carbonate (citric acid and baking soda) together, also make water (H2O).
The salty aftertaste is also because the acid and carbonate together also make a salt.

30
Q

What is the COLLISION THEORY?

A

Rates of reaction are directly proportional to the amount of collisions between atoms in a reaction.

31
Q

Name three ways the rate of collision (reaction) may be increased.
(Nb Collision Theory = rates of reaction are directly proportional to the amount of collisions between atoms in a reaction).

A
  1. INCREASE TEMPERATURE. The atoms speed up and therefore more likely to collide with other atoms. They have more energy.
  2. INCREASE CONCENTRATION. There are more atoms, so more collisions.
  3. INCREASE SURFACE AREA. There are more atoms available for collisions.
32
Q

Discuss NEUTRALISATION.

A

BASES have the opposite properties to ACIDS.

BASES remove ACID particles from a solution.

A BASE is called an ALKALI if it can be dissolved in water. The resulting solution is ALKALINE. All alkaline solutions have pH higher than 7.

BASES can neutralize ACIDIC solutions by removing the H+ ions (acidic particles). When a base dissolves in water, it releases hydroxide ions (OH-). These combine with the free H+ ions to make water (H2O) with a pH equal to 7.

LAURA SCIENCE YEAR 10 (4 decks)

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