Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Science > Chemistry Unit Test > Flashcards

Chemistry Unit Test Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Element

A

A substance in the periodic table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Valence

A

Last energy level (shell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ions

A

Ions formed when atoms gain or loose electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cation

A

Loss of electrons

More protons therefore positively charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anion

A

Gain electrons

More electrons therefore negatively charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Drawing Bohr-Ruthorford diagrams

A

Structure is placed in square brackets and charge is written on top right corner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lewis dot structures

A

Element symbol surrounded by dots which represent the # of valence electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ionic compounds

A

When a metal and non-metal are joined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chemical formulas

A

Cris cross method

Ex Ca3️⃣P2️⃣

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Polyatomic Ion

A

A non-metal that reacts with water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Molecular compound

A

2 non-metals no lowest terms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Covalent bond

A

Sharing of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Skeleton equation

A

Elements and compounds by their symbols and formulas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Balancing equations

A

Coefficients are put in front of elements to have the same mass for both reactants and products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

Total mass of reactants = total mass of products

Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed so we add coefficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Coefficient

A

Number in front of chemical symbol indicates number of atoms of that substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Reactants

A

Chemical formula present at the start of a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Product

A

Chemicals produced during a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Family

A

Column of elements on the periodic table with similar properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ionic bond

A

Strong attraction of positive and negative ions in an ionic compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ionic charge

A

Charge of the ion number of electrons it needs to gain or loose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stable configuration

A

The rule that states each element wants a full valence she’ll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Combining capacity

A

Number of electrons the element needs to gain or loose to be stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Binary

A

An acid made up of hydrogen and a non-metal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Subscript

A

Number that follows an element which represents the number of atoms in a molecule

26
Q

Precipitate

A

Solid particles that form from 2 solutions

27
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

28
Q

Mass number

A

Total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus

29
Q

5 types of chemical reactions

A 
Synthesis 
Decomposition 
Single displacement 
Double displacement 
Combustion (complete, incomplete)
30
Q

4 factors that effect a rate of reaction

A

Temperature
Concentration
Surface area
Catalysts

31
Q

Kinetic molecular theory

A

Particles are constantly moving they move quicker at higher temperatures

32
Q

Collision model

A

The rate of the reaction is affected by the number of collisions of reactant molecules

33
Q

How to make a reaction go faster

A

Increase number of collisions

Increase number of collisions that are effective

34
Q

Temperature

A

High temperatures speeds things up lower temperature slows reaction down.

35
Q

Concentration

A

More molecules meaning they’re packed into a smaller space more likely to collide

36
Q

Surface area

A

Amount of area of a sample of matter that is visible and able to react. Increasing surface area increases # of collisions

37
Q

Catalysts

A

Substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

38
Q

Oxyacids

A

Hydrogen combines with a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen

39
Q

Binary acids

A

Hydrogen combines with a non-metal

40
Q

Properties of acids

A 
Sour tasting 
Water soluble 
Reacts with metals and carbonates 
Conduct electricity
When dissolved in water it produces positive H ions
41
Q

Common household acids

A 
Vinegar = acetic acid
Citrus fruit=floric & citric acid
Stomach= hydrocholric acid
Carbonated pop= carbonic acid 
Aspirin= acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA)
42
Q

Bases

A

Metals combined with hydroxide OH

43
Q

Properties of bases

A

Bitter tasting
Water soluble
When dissolved in water feels slippery
Conduct electricity

44
Q

Common household bases

A 
Rolaids, tums, eno = antacids (against acids)
Household cleaners= ammonium hydroxide 
Paper, lye= sodium hydroxide 
Glass= calcium hydroxide 
Baking soda= sodium bicarbonate
45
Q

PH scale

A

Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is

46
Q

Strong acids and bases

A

Lower the PH the more acidic a solution is the higher the PH is the more basic a solution is if the PH is at 7 it is neutral

47
Q

Bromothymol blue

A 
Acid= yellow
Base= blue
48
Q

Phenolphthalein

A 
Acid= colourless
Base= pink
49
Q

Litmus

A

Acid=red

Base=blue

50
Q

Neutralization reaction

A

To neutralize an acid and base u need the same number of hydrogen and hydroxide to form a salt and water because salt has a ph of 7 such is neutral
Acid+ base —> salt+ water

51
Q

The mole

A

To count and measure individual particles

52
Q

Avogadro’s constant

A

6.02x 10^23

Number of items in one mole

53
Q

Molar mass

A

Find the mass of per mil
g/ mol
N=m/M

54
Q

Synthesis

A

1 product 2 reactants

55
Q

Decomposition

A

1 reactant 2 products

56
Q

Combustion

A

Means to burn so it needs to react with oxygen

57
Q

Complete cumbustion

A

Sufficient amount of oxygen

Hydrocarbon+ Oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + energy

58
Q

Incomplete combustion

A

Insufficient amount of oxygen

Hydrocarbon+ oxygen > carbon dioxide+ carbon monoxide + carbon +water + energy

59
Q

Single displacement

A

Metal element reacts with ionic compound and replaces the metal ion in the compound

60
Q

Double displacement

A

2 ionic compounds react and the metal ions replace each other

61
Q

Indicator

A

Substance that gives a visible sign

62
Q

Atom

A

Equal # of protons and electrons

AP Science (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions