Chemistry Unit 4: Solutions & Solubility b) Flashcards
What is concentration
The amount of solute in a solvent
What is a stock solution
Concentrated solution that must be further diluted before use
ex. teachers dilute chemicals from chemical companies before use in labs
What is a Standard solution
A solution where precise concentration is known
ex. diluted from a stock solution in a volumetric flask
Cw/v means… (Also called____)
Solute is solid (g) and solvent is liquid (mL);
Also called Percentage Weight by Volume
Cv/v means……( Also called_____)
Both solute and solvent are liquids; Percentage volume by volume
Cw/w means……(Also called____)
Both solvent and solute are solid; Percentage weight by weight
Extremely low concentrations consist of ___________ OR ______________
ppm (parts per million) OR ppb (parts per billion)
Equation for extremely low concentrations
C=mass solute/mass solution (10^x)
[x= exponent either 6,9,12]
density of water
1g/1mL
Dilution
Process of decreasing concentration of a solution by adding more solvent
What things change in dilution (2)
Concentration (Decrease)
Volume of solution (increase)
Two instruments to create a Dilution
Volumetric Flask + Pipette
Always add a small volume of concentrated _____ to a larger volume of water
acid
Serial Dilution
Dilution of a dilution
Phenolphthalein (acid, N, base)
Colourlesss, colourless, PInk
Bromothymol Blue
Yellow, Green, blue
Universal Indicator
red, yellow-green, Blue-green
Arrhenius theory on acids and bases
Acids and bases are able to conduct electricity by dissolving to form ions, these ions move freely in the solution to conduct electricity
An acid ______________ in water to produce 1+ ______________ ions
ionizes; hydrogen
A base _____________ in water to make 1+ _____________________ ions
dissociates; hydroxide
