Chemistry Unit 1 - Isotopes Flashcards
Inert
stable
octect
18th group
metal atom + energy —>
[ion] +
nonmetal atom + electron—->
[ion]- +energy
Ag has a charge of?
1+
Fe charge of?
2+/ 3+
Cu charge
1+ / 2+
Zn charge
2+
Pb
2+/4+
Sn
2+/ 4+
horizontal on PT
period
vertical on PT
group
Atomic mass average
Average atomic mass of ALL element’s isotopes
Isotope
Atoms w/ different number of neutrons
Isotopic Abundance
Each isotope exists in different numbers of isotopes (%)
Mass spectrometer
Identifies isotope and determines abundance
2 things mass spectrometer does
1) gives info on types of elements
2) Tells how many found in sample
Equation for Average Atomic Mass
(abundance isotope 1) (mass of isotope 1) + (abundance isotope 2) (mass of isotope 2)
Radioisotopes
1)Isotopes that break apart easily
2) Radioactive
Stability of isotopes depends on
makeup of nuclei
Common nuclear radiations (3)
1) Alpha particles
2) Beta particles
3) Gamma Rays
Alpha particles
like nucleus of an He-4 atom
can be blocked by paper = not too dangerous
Beta particles
negatively charged e-
cannot go through Al = can be dangerous
Gamma Rays
High energy of electromagnetic radiation (speed of light)
cannot go through lead = dangerous
An unstable U-238 nucleus decays into
Thorium-234 nucleus by emitting an ALPHA particle
Isotopes of Uranium are ALL ___________
which can benefit society in two ways–>
radioisotopes; 1) medical treatment
2) Smoke detectors
