Chemistry Unit 4 Solutions & Solubility a) Flashcards
Another word for solution
homogenous
A solution is …
State?
1)A mixture of 2+ substances that looks like one
2)Any combination of state (Solid Liquid Gas)
Solvent
Substance GREATER in quantity
DOES the dissolving
Solute
Substance LESSER in quantity
Dissolves INTO the solvent
Concentrated solution
Solution with a relatively LARGE quantity of Solute compared to volume of the solution
Dilute Solution
Solution with a relatively SMALL quantity of solute compared to volume
Saturated solution
Solution containing MAXIMUM quantity of solute (At given temp and pressure)
Unsaturated Solution
Solution containing LESS than max quantity of solute (At given temp and pressure)
Supersaturated Solution
Solution containing MORE than max quantity of solute (Crystals form at given temp and pressure)
TO dissolve Ionic compounds one must…
Break the bonds within the compound
Water wins (what is state)
Aqueous
Water loses
Solid
Two processes of dissolving a Ionic compound
Dissociation & Hydration
Process of Dissociation
Ions separate from crystal lattice to dissolve into water
Process of Hydration
Ions are surrounded by water molecules (helps stabilize ions so that they don’t re-attach)
Is water involved in a dissociation equation? Why or Why not?
NO, because dissolving is a physical change
3 weird molecular qualities of water
1) Water is usually strong b/c intermolecular forces stick well together
2) Its size and polarity is increased
3) Hydrogen bonding forces “stickiness” to hold molecules
5 unusual properties of water
1) High melting & boiling point
2)Expansion when cooling from 4-0C
3) High surface tension
4) Exchange in thermal energy with little change in temperature
5) Inability to mix with non-polar compounds
Miscible
Liquids that mix in ALL proportions
Immiscible
Liquid that DO NOT mix
Solvent - Polar
Solution - Polar
DOES IT DISSOLVE?
YES
Solvent- Non-polar
Solution- Polar
DOES IT DISSOLVE?
NOPE
Solvent- Non-polar
Solution- Non-polar
DOES IT DISSOLVE?
YES
Surfactant; What does it do?
Compound that reduces surface tension of a solvent ; Allows polar solvent (water) to mix with a non-polar liquid (oil)
Examples of surfactants
Detergents & Soap
Solubility
Max mass of solute that can be dissolved per 100mL (100g) of water at a given temperature
5 Factors that affect the rate of dissolving
1) Temperature
2) Agitation
3) Particle Size
4) Pressure
5) Type of Solvent
When a Solid’s temperature goes up, how well does it dissolve?
Dissolving and solubility increases
When a fluid’s (liquid/gas) temp rises, is it more soluble or not?
High temp= decreasing solubility
Agitating (shaking/stirring) creates ______ interaction between _________ and ______________ making particles increase or decrease dissolving?
more, solute, solvent. INCREASE
Agitating gas in a liquid makes it increase or decrease in disolving?
DECREASE
The smaller the particle size, the ____________ surface area and the ______________ the solubility
HIGHER, HIGHER
The bigger the particle size, the _______________ the surface area, the ___________________ the solubility
LOWER, LOWER
Pressure usually applies to ____________ b/c ……
gases; b/c pressure does not have a grand effect on liquids and solids since they’re harder to compress
The higher pressure makes it more or less soluble?
More
The lower pressure makes it more or less soluble?
Less
The solute has to “___________” the _______________
match; solvent
