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science 10 old scona > chemistry unit > Flashcards

chemistry unit Flashcards

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1
Q

properties of ionic compounds :

A

high melting point
crystalline structure
solubility in water
form electrolytes

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2
Q

whats causes ionic compounds to have a high melting point

A

the attraction between cations and anions forms a strong crystalline structure.

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3
Q

what happens to the crystalline structure of ionic compounds when ground into a fine powder?

A

they retain their structure even when ground into a fine power.

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4
Q

why are ionic compounds soluble in water?

A

cations are strongly attracted to the negative end of water molecules, and anions are strongly attracted to the positive end of water molecules.

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5
Q

what makes a substance more conductive

A

a stronger concentration of ions does.

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6
Q

one molecule prefix

A

mono

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7
Q

two molecule prefix

A

di

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8
Q

three molecule prefix

A

tri

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9
Q

four molecule prefix

A

tetra

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10
Q

five molecule prefix

A

penta

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11
Q

six molecule prefix

A

hexa

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12
Q

seven molecule prefix

A

hepta

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13
Q

eight molecule prefix

A

octa

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14
Q

nine molecule prefix

A

nona

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15
Q

ten molecule prefix

A

deca

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16
Q

how to determine the state of an element

A

indicated by the element box on the periodic table.

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17
Q

how to determine the state of a molecular compound

A

must memorize common molecular compounds.

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18
Q

how to determine the state of an ionic compound in an aqueous environment.

A

use solubility table.

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19
Q

ammonia chemical formula

A

NH3(g)

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20
Q

glucose chemical formula

A

C6H12O6(s)

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21
Q

hydrogen peroxide formula

A

H2O2(l)

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22
Q

sucrose formula

A

C12H22O11(s)

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23
Q

methane formula

A

CH4(g)

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24
Q

ethane formula

A

C2H6(g)

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25
Q

propane formula

A

C3H8(g)

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26
Q

methanol formula

A

CH3OH(l)

27
Q

ethanol formula

A

C3H5OH(1)

28
Q

water high melting and boiling points cause

A

it takes large amounts of energy to break hydrogen bonds.

29
Q

water high surface tension causes

A

hydrogen bonds hold water at the surface tightly together

30
Q

polar meaning

A

uneven distribution of electrons

31
Q

concave meniscus causes water

A

polar water molecules are attracted to the sides of the container

32
Q

capillary action

A

cohesive and adhesive properties of water result in water being attracted to the sides of the tube and to each other. this results in water being pulled up the tube

33
Q

why does ice float

A

hydrogen bonding causes solid water to form a six-sided crystal that is less dense than the liquid.

34
Q

why is water a universal solvent?

A

polarity causes water to be attracted to the positive and negative charges present in other substances, allowing them to dissolve easier.

35
Q

hydrogen bond

A

dipole, dipole attraction between molecules. not a covalent bond.

36
Q

diatomic elements

A

hydrogen, nitrogen,oxygen,fluorine,chlorine, bromine, iodine.

37
Q

polyatomic elements + how many they have.

A

phosphorus ( 4), sulfur (8)

38
Q

how is a molecular compound different from an ionic compound

A

a molecular compound is composed of 2 or more nonmetals joined by covalent bonds ( electrons shared). an ionic compound is composed of a metal and a non metal joined by an ionic bond. in an ionic compound electrons are transferred resulting in the formation of ions which are attracted to each other.

39
Q

are polyatomic ions molecular?

A

yes because they are composed of non-metals joined by a covalent bond.

40
Q

traits of molecular compounds

A

1) form non electrolytic solutions when dissolved in water ( because they do not have ions ).
2) low solubility
3) relatively low melting and boiling points.
4) require large amounts of energy to decompose. ( due to strong covalent bonds ).
5) can form crystals but crumble easily.

41
Q

how to find neutrons

A

subtract atomic number from atomic mass

42
Q

group 1 , alkali metals

A

soft, shiny, silver, highly soluble. reactive in water.

43
Q

alkaline earth metals ( group 2)

A

shiny and silver. not as soft or soluble as group 1.

44
Q

halogens ( 17)

A

highly reactive. poisonous. get less reactive as you go down the group.

45
Q

noble gas, group 18

A

non-reactive due to a stable valence shell.

46
Q

metal traits

A

silver or grey in color, shiny, malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity, most solid at room temp.

47
Q

traits of non metals

A

may be solid, liquid or gas at room temp. typically poor conductors of electricity and heat.

48
Q

metalloids traits

A

mixed traits of metals and non metals.

49
Q

how many electrons does the first level hold

A

2

50
Q

how many electrons does the second level hold

A

8

51
Q

how many electrons does the third level hold

A

8

52
Q

how many electrons does the fourth level hold

A

12

53
Q

cation

A

positively charged ion that forms when an atom ( usually a metal ) loses an electron.

54
Q

anion

A

negatively charged ion that forms when an atom ( usually a non metal)
gains an electron.

55
Q

ion

A

charged atom or group of atoms

56
Q

isotopes

A

atpms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutro s. because of this they have different charges.
the atomic mollar mass is the average of all the elements isotopes.
the most common isotope of each element is found by rounding the mass number found on the periodic table.

57
Q

can protons change

A

no

58
Q

ionics bonds

A

the cation ( one that loses an electron) and anion are attracted to each other by charge.

59
Q

rules for writing formulas of binary ionic compounds

A

write cation symbol first. determine charges needed to balance then add coefficients.

60
Q

poly atomic elements

A

phosphorus ( 4), sulfur ( 8 ), oxygen ( 2), oxygen can also have 3 in some cases. hydrogen ( 2), nitrogen( 2), fluorine (2), chlorine ( 2), bromine ( 2) , and iodine (2)

61
Q

how many atoms are in sulfur?

A

sulfur has 8 atoms

62
Q

how many atoms are in phosphorus?

A

sulfur has 4 atoms.

63
Q

multivalent element cation charge.

A

when only given the chemica formula use the

64
Q

how many electrons does the fourth level hold.

A

it holds 18.

science 10 old scona (5 decks)

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