chapter 2, unit 1. The Cell. Flashcards
Define Cell
Cells are highly efficient , open systems that exchange matter and energy with their environment.
which processes of life do cells carry out?
intake of nurtients and removal of waste, exchange of gases, response to stimuli, growth and reproduction, movement.
define prokaryotic
these cells lack nuclei, e.g bacteria.
define eukaryotic
eukaryotic cells contain nuclei and more complex organelles.
why are cells considered open systems?
because they are constantly interacting with the world around them, exchanging gas, nutrients, and waste.
what are the major elements in a cell?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
what are the four major organic compounds in cells.
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
give examples of carbohydrates
sugar, starch, cellulose
give an example of lipids
fats and oils
give an example of proteins
muscles, hormones, enzymes
give an example of nucleic acids.
RNA and DNA
why is water a major component in cells?
because it is a universal solvent.
what is the function of a cell membrane within the cell
it serves as a protective barrier for the cell. it allows the transport of needed materials into the cell and waste materials out.
what is the cell wall important for?
it is important for cell communication and for the recognition of molecules.
what is the function of the nucleus inside of the cell
it contains DNA which controls the rest of the cell.
nuclear envelope cell function
it separates the contents of the nucleus and the cytoplasm. it also provide structure in the cell.
what is the function of cytoplasm within a cell?
a gel like substance contains the nutrients required to carry out on the life processes. the organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm. it alows for cytoplasm streaming - movement of organelles and molecules within the cell.
