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My Class 2 > Chemistry: Unit 1 Test > Flashcards

Chemistry: Unit 1 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 rules from the Safety Notice and their purpose

A
  1. Always listen to instructions. Always follow instructions
    - this will help prevent accidents
  2. Never eat or drink in a laboratory
    - prevent infections and poisoning
  3. When conducting an experiment, always stand up; never sit down
    - allows you to move away quickly in the event of an accident
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2
Q

What does WHMIS stand for?

A

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

- gives employers key safety handling information and Material Data sheets (MSDS)

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3
Q

WHMIS pictogram review

A

10 total, thier meaning, name, symbol and harm

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4
Q

Element definition

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means;

A substance conposed entirely of only one kind of atom

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5
Q

Compound definition

A

A pure substance that can be broken down by chemical means to produce tow or more pure substances;

A substance containing atoms of more than one element in fixed proportions

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6
Q

Examples of element and compound

A

Element: iron (Fe), copper (Cu), oxygen (O)

Compound: water (H2O) and salt (NaCl)

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7
Q

Metal definition

A

An element that is a conductor of electricity, malleable, ductile and lustrous (shiny)

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8
Q

SATP definition

A

(Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure)

Exactly 25 degrees C and 100kPa

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9
Q

STP definition

A

(Standard Temperature and Pressure)

Exactly 0 degrees C and 101.325 kPa

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10
Q

“Empirical definition” definition

A

A statement that defines an object or process in terms of observable properties

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11
Q

Nonmetal definition

A

Generally nonconductors of electricity in their solid form, are brittle

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12
Q

Metalloid definition

A

An element located near the “staircase line” on the periodic table; having some metallic and some nonmetallic properties

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13
Q

IUPAC Definition

A

(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry);

International body that approves chemical names, symbols and units

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14
Q

Why is it important to have IUPAC?

A
  • establishes rules for chemical names and symbols
  • helps name new elements
  • ensures a way for chemical symbols and elements to be understood worldwide
  • simplifies communication
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15
Q

Matter definition

A

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

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16
Q

What are chemical changes and what are their characteristics?

A 
Changes that produce new kinds of matter with different properties.
Characteristics:
- usually irreversible
- gas is produced
- heat or light is formed
- new substance formed
- colour change
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17
Q

What are physical changes and what are their characteristics?

A 
Form of matter is altered, but one substance is not transformed into another
Charcateristics:
- usually reversible
- phase changes
- magnetism
- (non-soluble) mixtures
- crystallization
- alloys
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18
Q

What is the periodic law

A

(Modern) when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, their properties show gradual change and recurrence

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19
Q

What is a group and a period?

A

Group: elements arranged in vertical column; elements sorted by having the same chemical properties
Period: arranged in horizontal row; properties change from metallic to nonmetallic

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20
Q

Describe Alkali metals

A
  • soft, silver-coloured elements
  • exhibit metallic properties
  • found in the 1st group on the PT
  • very reactive
    (Solids at SATP)
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21
Q

Describe Alkaline Earth Metals

A
  • light, very reactive metals
  • exhibit metallic properties
  • found in the second group on PT
  • form oxide coatings exposed to air
    (Solids at SATP)
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22
Q

Describe Transition Metals

A
  • wide range of chemical and physical properties
  • characteristically strong
  • hard metals
  • found in groups 3-12
  • Good electricity conductors
  • variable reactivity
23
Q

Describe Noble Gases

A
  • extremely unreactive
  • found in Group 18 on the PT
    (Gases at SATP)
24
Q

Describe Halogens

A
  • nonmetallic properties (non lustrous and nonconductors of electricity)
  • extremely reactive (especially with hydrogen and metals)
    (solids, liquids or gases at SATP)
25
Q

What are representative elements?

A
  • metals and nonmetals from groups 1,2, and 13-17

- most closely follow the periodic law

26
Q

What are the different groups on the PT? (8)

A 
alkali metals, 
alkaline earth metals, 
halogens, 
noble gases, 
actinides, 
lanthanides, 
representative elements,
transition metals
27
Q

Where are metals found on the PT?

A

Left of the “staircase” line (except hydrogen)

28
Q

Where are nonmetals found on the PT?

A

Right of the “staircase” line

29
Q

Where are metalloid found on the PT?

A

Adjacent to the “staircase” line

30
Q

What contributions did Johann Dobereiner have and to what?

A

The periodic table:

  • “Law of Triads”
  • middle element has a mass partway the other two
31
Q

What is the “Law of Triads”?

A

similarities in physical and chemical
properties in several groups of THREE elements
(eg. Li, Na, K = triad).

32
Q

What contributions did JOHN ALEXANDER NEWLANDS have and to what?

A

Periodic Table:

  • “Law of Octaves” (Similar chemical and physical properties for every 8th element)
  • Arranged elements in order of increasing atomic mass
  • Noticed “family resemblance” in groups of elements
33
Q

What contributions did LOTHAR JULIUS MEYER have and to what?

A

Periodic table:
- Noticed that the LENGTH of the repeating
pattern of atomic volumes CHANGED.
- Developed a table that closely resembles
the modern one, but did not publish quickly enough.

34
Q

What contributions did Dmitri Mendeleev have?

A
  • arranged elements in horizontal rows in order of increasing atomic mass
  • noticed trends (gradual; changes in properties)
  • left blank spaces where no know element appeared
  • predicted accurate properties of undiscovered elements
35
Q

HOW DOES MENDELEEV’S TABLE DIFFER FROM TODAY’S?

A

Mendeleev’s periodic law: elements arranged in order of increasing atomic mass
Modern periodic law: arranged in order of increasing atomic number

36
Q

Define lanthanides

A
  • reactive, silver-colored metals

- found in period 6, at the bottom of periodic table

37
Q

Define actinides

A
  • found in period 7, at the bottom of the PT
  • all radioactive
  • very dense metals with distinctive structures
38
Q

What contributions did John Dalton have?

A

Atomic Theory:

  • the billiard ball model
  • developed the atomic theory
39
Q

What contributions did J.J. Thompson have?

A
  • plum pudding model

- discovered negatively charged particles - electrons

40
Q

What contributions did HANATO NAGAOKA have?

A
  • saturnian model:
    • a very massive atomic center
    • electrons revolving around nucleus
    • later abandoned the model
41
Q

What contributions did ERNEST RUTHERFORD have?

A
  • nuclear model
  • found the nucleus and that it was positively charged
  • named positively charged particles “protons”
42
Q

What contributions did NEILS BOHR have?

A
  • proposed a theory that electrons are found in certain, fixed energy levels
  • electrons travel without an energy level, without losing energy
  • can transition between levels, gaining and losing energy
  • only a certain number of electrons were ‘allowed’ in each energy level
43
Q

Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram for a random element

A

Check online

44
Q

Draw a horizontal electron arrangement diagram for a random element

A

Check online

45
Q

What did James Chadwick do?

A

Discovered Neutrons

46
Q

Show different isotopes using the standard atomic notation

A

X - A

47
Q

Change in number of protons results in…

A

change of the element. Charge may change. Mass changes

48
Q

Change in number of neutrons results in…

A

atom becomes an isotope, Mass of the atoms changes

49
Q

Change in number of electrons results in…

A

ion formation. Charge changes

50
Q

Draw a Lewis Dot diagram for a random element

A

Check Online

51
Q

Characteristic of Neutrons

A
  • found in the nucleus

Charge N^ o

52
Q

Characteristic of Electrons

A
  • found outside, orbiting the nucleus
  • have a very small mass
    Charge e-
53
Q

Characteristic of Protons

A
  • Found in the nucleus

Charge p+

My Class 2 (6 decks)

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