Biology Unit 1 Study

Question 1

Where is DNA found?

Answer 1

In Eukaryotic cells it is found in the nuclues of each cell

Question 2

Where is DNA found (Prokaryotic cells)?

Answer 2

Found in the cytoplasm

Question 3

When monomers (nucleotides) in DNA bond together, they form ____________

Answer 3

Polymer or polynucleotide

Question 4

Nucleotides are made of 3 subunits:

Answer 4

1. Phosphate group
2. 5-carbon sugar (pentose)
3. Nitrogenous base

Question 5

What are the four nitrogenous bases?

Answer 5

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 6

How are the one right bases called and what are they?

Answer 6

Pyrimidines; Thymine and Cytosine

Question 7

How are the two ring bases called and what are they?

Answer 7

Purines; Adenine and Guanine

Question 8

What is the main difference between the sugar of DNA and RNA?

Answer 8

In DNA, the sugar is deoxyribose
In RNA, the sugar is ribose
The sugar in DNA has no oxygen molecule at Carbon 2’

Question 9

Where does the phosphate group attach to?

Answer 9

To 5’ carbon

Question 10

DNA polymer is ____________. The strands are __________ to each other and __________

Answer 10

Double stranded. Antiparallel. Complementary

Question 11

………

Answer 11

………

Question 12

What does DNA stand for

Answer 12

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 13

DNA is a type of ___________.

Answer 13

Nucleic Acid

Question 14

DNA does what?

Answer 14

It’s a macromolecule containing genetic information that is transmitted from generation to generation.

Question 15

Where is DNA found in Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 15

In the nucleus

Question 16

Where is DNA found in Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 16

In the cytoplasm (no nuclei)

Question 17

Nucleic Acids are polymers. What are polymers?

Answer 17

Large molecules made of smaller, repeating units/building blocks, or MONOMERS

Question 18

In DNA, monomers are called __________.

Answer 18

Nucleotides

Question 19

When monomers (nucleotides) in DNA bond together, they form ____________

Answer 19

Polymer / Polynucleotide

Question 20

Nucleotide monomers are made of which 3 subunits?

Answer 20

1. A phosphate group.
2. A 5-carbon sugar (“pentose”).
3. A nitrogenous base.

Question 21

Deoxyribose (the pentose sugar in DNA) and Ribose (the pentose sugar in RNA) differ by only one _______ atom on _____.

Answer 21

Oxygen; Carbon 2’

Question 22

Which nitrogenous bases are Pyrimidines

Answer 22

Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)

Question 23

What are PYRIMIDINES?

Answer 23

They are ‘one ring’ nitrogenous bases

Question 24

What are PURINES?

Answer 24

They are ‘two ring’ nitrogenous bases

Question 25

Which nitrogenous bases are Purines?

Answer 25

Adenine (A) Guanine (G)

Question 26

On the DNA nucleotide diagram, To which carbon is the PHOSPHATE attached?

Answer 26

5' carbon

Question 27

On the DNA nucleotide diagram, to which carbon is the NITROGENOUS BASE attached?

Answer 27

1' carbon

Question 28

On the DNA nucleotide diagram, to which carbon is the – OH attached?

Answer 28

3' carbon

Question 29

A nucleotide bonds to another nucleotide such that the _____ of one nucleotide is connected to the _____ of the next with a ______ in the middle

Answer 29

3' ; 5' ; phosphate;

Question 30

What are the bonds called between nucleotides (monomers)?

Answer 30

phosphodiester bonds

Question 31

The DNA has _______ backbone

Answer 31

a “sugar-phosphate backbone”

Question 32

The nitrogenous bases (A,G,C & T) are bonded to the 1’ carbon of the sugar with bonds that are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 32

“glycosyl bonds” or N-glycosidic bonds.

Question 33

Polynucleotides are read from the __ end to the __ end | (insert picture)

Answer 33

5' to 3' | (the top of a polynucleotide, is where the phosphate and nitrogenous bases are attached)

Question 34

The DNA polymer is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, forming a ___________ shape (and is held together by\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_)

Answer 34

DOUBLE STRANDED; DOUBLE HELIX; HYDROGEN BONDS;

Question 35

The DNA strands are ___________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 35

ANTIPARALLEL; COMPLEMENTARY

Question 36

Nitrogenous base Adenine pairs only with ______ and Cytosine pairs only with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. This means that the bases on one strand are ________ to bases on the other.

Answer 36

Thymine; Guanine; Complementary

Question 37

Adenine forms ____ (this many) H bonds with Thymine

Answer 37

two

Question 38

Guanine forms ____ (this many) H bonds bond with Cytosine

Answer 38

three

Question 39

Given a 5' to 3' strand: G A G A T A T A G A T T A C C A What is the sequence of the complementary (draw it with the appropriate hydrogen bonds)?

Answer 39

strand: C T C T A T A T C T A A T G G T bonds: 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2