Chemistry Unit 1 Flashcards
What is matter?
anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
Mass
the amount of matter in an object
Weight
A measure of the force of gravity on an object
Pure Substances
have a fixed composition or properties
What are elements?
Any material that is made up of only one type of atom. Any substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler-one by a chemical reaction.
`Monatomic
One atom
Polyatomic
More than one atom
Diatomics
Any element that are unstable alone and has to have at least 2 atoms minimum
Molecules
Neutral group of bonded atoms. (more than one)
Compounds
2 or more different elements chemically combined
Mixtures
2 or more different elements chemically combined
Homogenous
Of the same kind
Heterogenous
(adj.) composed of different kinds, diverse
Solutions
mixture of solid completely dissolved in liquid
Alloys
homogenous mixtures of two or more metals
Suspension
A mixture in which large particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration
Colloid
A mixture containing small/medium, undissolved particles that do not settle out.
Physical change
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance (Size, shape, color, or state of matter)
Chemical change
A change in matter that produces one or more new substances
Decanting
Pouring liquid off the top when sediment has settled to the bottom of the container
Centrifuging
Separating a mixture by rotating the container quickly. The heavier parts of the mixture move to the outside of the spinning container.
Filtration
A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles.
Distillation
A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points
Chromatography
A technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.
Evidence of chemical changes
gives off a gas (bubbles), changes color (not always), heat, light, or sound is given off of absorbed, a new solid material forms in liquid, or the change is difficult of impossible to reverse
Tyndall Effect
Scattering of a light beam as it passes through a colloid
Malleability
the ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into thin sheets
Ductile
A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire.
Lustrous
Shiny
Miscibility
the ability to mix without separating into two states
Extensive property
a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample
Intensive property
a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter
