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chemistry test 3- periodic table Flashcards

1
Q

who developed the first periodic table and when?

A

-dmitri mendeleeev
-1869

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2
Q

stibium

A

antimony (sb)

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3
Q

cuprum

A

copper (cu)

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4
Q

aurum

A

gold (au)

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5
Q

ferrum

A

iron (fe)

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6
Q

plumbum

A

lead (pb)

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7
Q

hydragyrum

A

mercury (hg)

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8
Q

kalium

A

potassium (k)

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9
Q

argentum

A

silver (ag)

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10
Q

stannum

A

tin (sn)

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11
Q

wolfram

A

tungsten (w)

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12
Q

valence electrons

A

-outer shell electrons
-involved in bonding

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13
Q

how many valence electrons does group 1 have?

A

1

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14
Q

how many valence electrons does group 2 have?

A

2

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15
Q

how many valence electrons does group 13 have?

A

3

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16
Q

how many valence electrons does group 14 have?

A

4

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17
Q

how many valence electrons does group 15 have?

A

5

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18
Q

how many valence electrons does group 16 have?

A

6

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19
Q

how many valence electrons does group 17 have?

A

7

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20
Q

how many valence electrons does group 18 have?

A

8

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21
Q

how do you interpret the bohr model?

A

-there are rings around the nucleus
-ring one is full at 2 electrons
-second ring (and rest of the rings) is full at 8 electrons
-the outermost ring is the ring that has valence electrons
-number of p+ = total number of e-
-number of p+ = the element number
-rest of the mass = neutrons

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22
Q

what is an octet?

A

-full energy level
-8 electrons in the outermost ring
-only group 18 (noble gases)

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23
Q

what is group 1 on the periodic table called?

A

-alkali metals

24
Q

what is group 2 on the periodic table called?

A

-alkaline earth metals

25
what are groups 3-12 on the periodic table called?
-transition metals
26
what is group 17 called on the periodic table?
-halogens
27
what is group 18 called on the periodic table?
-noble gases
28
what is the top row of the separate section on the PT called?
-lanthanides
29
what is the bottom row of the separate section on the PT called?
-actinides
30
what other grouping is there on the periodic table?
-metalloids -stairstep on the far right -starts on aluminum and goes down to antimony
31
what is a period?
-side to side on the PT -aka rows
32
what is a group?
-up and down on the PT -aka columns -aka families
33
properties of metals
-loses electrons readily -forms cations (positive ions) -positive charge -ductile -malleable -good conductors of heat and electricity -luster -form alloys -mostly solids at room temp
34
metal
-elements containing atoms that readily lose electrons -form positive ions or cations
35
which metal is not solid at room temp?
-mercury (hg)
36
properties of alkali metals
-have 1 valence electron -never found in a pure form in nature bc too reactive -most reactive metal (and react violently with water) -reactivity increases down the froup -soft silvery in color
37
properties of alkaline earth metals
-have 2 valence electrons -less reactive than alkali metals -not found in a pure form in nature bc still too reactive -alkaline = "basic"
38
properties of transition metals
-same as metals
39
properties of lanthanides
-rare earth metals -numbers 57-71
40
properties of actinides
-all radioactive -readily and easily break down -uranium and thorium are natural -plutonium is not natural (synthetic) -numbers 89-103
41
properties of nonmetals
-tend to gain electrons -negative charge -form anions -not ductile -not malleable -bad conductors of heat and electricity -brittle when solid -some are gases and liquids at room temp -very reactive bc they are full or almost full -easily attracted by elements with nearly full outer energy levels
42
which nonmetal is liquid at room temp?
bromine (br)
43
properties of halogens
-have 7 valence electrons -most reactive of nonmetals -only found in a pure from as a diatomic element
44
properties of noble gases
-have 8 valence electrons (full energy level) -exception = helium (full as 2 electrons) -chemically unreactive -only found in pure form in nature -colorless, odorless gases
45
properties of metalloids
-form anions and cations -depends on the environment they are in -properties of both metals and nonmetals -semiconductors -conductivity is between copper and glass
46
nonmetals
-elements containing atoms that readily gain electrons -form negative ions (anions)
47
metalloids
-between nonmetals and metals
48
democritus
-400 bc -greek philosopher -idea of "atomos" or indivisable -matter is made up of tiny, indivisable particles called atomos -no experimental proof
49
jj thomson
-1897 -discovered the electrons -proposed the plum pudding model -the atom is composed of negatively charged paricles called electrons
50
bohr
-1913 -bohr proposed model where electrons traveld around the nucleus in fixed orbits -electrons jump orbits by gaining or losing energy -bohr model = rings
51
dalton
-1803 -all matter is composed of atoms -atoms of a given element are identical (disproved- isotopes) -atoms cannot divide, be created, or destroyed (disproved- nuclear bomb) -atoms of different elements combine to make compounds -in chemical reactions atoms are separated, rearranged, or combined -billiard ball model
52
rutherford
-1911 -gold foil experiment -shot radioactive positively charged alpha particles through gold foil -most particles passed through unobstructed -some got deflected bc they were hitting the nucleus -atom is mostly empty space with a dense, small, positively charged center called the nucleus -starish looking model with the rings
53
quantum mechanical model
-1926 -many scientists -mathematically describes the wave properties of electrons -positive nucleus with a cloud of electrons -electrons act as waves and particles -shaded model
54
what is the succession/ timeline of the atom scientists?
-democritus -dalton -thomson -rutherford -bohr -quantum mechanics
55
what is the timeline of advancements made in studying atoms?
-electrons -nucleus and protons -electron path around nucleus in orbit -electrons in electron cloud and paths called orbitals
56
what was incorrect about dalton's theory?
-atoms cannot be divided, created, or destroyed -this was disproved by nuclear chemistry and the nuclear bomb -all particles of atoms are identical for one element -disproved by the discovery of isotopes
57

chemistry (10 decks)

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