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chemistry > chemistry test 3- periodic table > Flashcards

chemistry test 3- periodic table Flashcards

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1
Q

who developed the first periodic table and when?

A

-dmitri mendeleeev
-1869

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2
Q

stibium

A

antimony (sb)

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3
Q

cuprum

A

copper (cu)

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4
Q

aurum

A

gold (au)

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5
Q

ferrum

A

iron (fe)

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6
Q

plumbum

A

lead (pb)

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7
Q

hydragyrum

A

mercury (hg)

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8
Q

kalium

A

potassium (k)

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9
Q

argentum

A

silver (ag)

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10
Q

stannum

A

tin (sn)

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11
Q

wolfram

A

tungsten (w)

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12
Q

valence electrons

A

-outer shell electrons
-involved in bonding

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13
Q

how many valence electrons does group 1 have?

A

1

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14
Q

how many valence electrons does group 2 have?

A

2

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15
Q

how many valence electrons does group 13 have?

A

3

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16
Q

how many valence electrons does group 14 have?

A

4

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17
Q

how many valence electrons does group 15 have?

A

5

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18
Q

how many valence electrons does group 16 have?

A

6

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19
Q

how many valence electrons does group 17 have?

A

7

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20
Q

how many valence electrons does group 18 have?

A

8

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21
Q

how do you interpret the bohr model?

A

-there are rings around the nucleus
-ring one is full at 2 electrons
-second ring (and rest of the rings) is full at 8 electrons
-the outermost ring is the ring that has valence electrons
-number of p+ = total number of e-
-number of p+ = the element number
-rest of the mass = neutrons

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22
Q

what is an octet?

A

-full energy level
-8 electrons in the outermost ring
-only group 18 (noble gases)

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23
Q

what is group 1 on the periodic table called?

A

-alkali metals

24
Q

what is group 2 on the periodic table called?

A

-alkaline earth metals

25
Q

what are groups 3-12 on the periodic table called?

A

-transition metals

26
Q

what is group 17 called on the periodic table?

A

-halogens

27
Q

what is group 18 called on the periodic table?

A

-noble gases

28
Q

what is the top row of the separate section on the PT called?

A

-lanthanides

29
Q

what is the bottom row of the separate section on the PT called?

A

-actinides

30
Q

what other grouping is there on the periodic table?

A

-metalloids
-stairstep on the far right
-starts on aluminum and goes down to antimony

31
Q

what is a period?

A

-side to side on the PT
-aka rows

32
Q

what is a group?

A

-up and down on the PT
-aka columns
-aka families

33
Q

properties of metals

A

-loses electrons readily
-forms cations (positive ions)
-positive charge
-ductile
-malleable
-good conductors of heat and electricity
-luster
-form alloys
-mostly solids at room temp

34
Q

metal

A

-elements containing atoms that readily lose electrons
-form positive ions or cations

35
Q

which metal is not solid at room temp?

A

-mercury (hg)

36
Q

properties of alkali metals

A

-have 1 valence electron
-never found in a pure form in nature bc too reactive
-most reactive metal (and react violently with water)
-reactivity increases down the froup
-soft
silvery in color

37
Q

properties of alkaline earth metals

A

-have 2 valence electrons
-less reactive than alkali metals
-not found in a pure form in nature bc still too reactive
-alkaline = “basic”

38
Q

properties of transition metals

A

-same as metals

39
Q

properties of lanthanides

A

-rare earth metals
-numbers 57-71

40
Q

properties of actinides

A

-all radioactive
-readily and easily break down
-uranium and thorium are natural
-plutonium is not natural (synthetic)
-numbers 89-103

41
Q

properties of nonmetals

A

-tend to gain electrons
-negative charge
-form anions
-not ductile
-not malleable
-bad conductors of heat and electricity
-brittle when solid
-some are gases and liquids at room temp
-very reactive bc they are full or almost full
-easily attracted by elements with nearly full outer energy levels

42
Q

which nonmetal is liquid at room temp?

A

bromine (br)

43
Q

properties of halogens

A

-have 7 valence electrons
-most reactive of nonmetals
-only found in a pure from as a diatomic element

44
Q

properties of noble gases

A

-have 8 valence electrons (full energy level)
-exception = helium (full as 2 electrons)
-chemically unreactive
-only found in pure form in nature
-colorless, odorless gases

45
Q

properties of metalloids

A

-form anions and cations
-depends on the environment they are in
-properties of both metals and nonmetals
-semiconductors
-conductivity is between copper and glass

46
Q

nonmetals

A

-elements containing atoms that readily gain electrons
-form negative ions (anions)

47
Q

metalloids

A

-between nonmetals and metals

48
Q

democritus

A

-400 bc
-greek philosopher
-idea of “atomos” or indivisable
-matter is made up of tiny, indivisable particles called atomos
-no experimental proof

49
Q

jj thomson

A

-1897
-discovered the electrons
-proposed the plum pudding model
-the atom is composed of negatively charged paricles called electrons

50
Q

bohr

A

-1913
-bohr proposed model where electrons traveld around the nucleus in fixed orbits
-electrons jump orbits by gaining or losing energy
-bohr model = rings

51
Q

dalton

A

-1803
-all matter is composed of atoms
-atoms of a given element are identical (disproved- isotopes)
-atoms cannot divide, be created, or destroyed (disproved- nuclear bomb)
-atoms of different elements combine to make compounds
-in chemical reactions atoms are separated, rearranged, or combined
-billiard ball model

52
Q

rutherford

A

-1911
-gold foil experiment
-shot radioactive positively charged alpha particles through gold foil
-most particles passed through unobstructed
-some got deflected bc they were hitting the nucleus
-atom is mostly empty space with a dense, small, positively charged center called the nucleus
-starish looking model with the rings

53
Q

quantum mechanical model

A

-1926
-many scientists
-mathematically describes the wave properties of electrons
-positive nucleus with a cloud of electrons
-electrons act as waves and particles
-shaded model

54
Q

what is the succession/ timeline of the atom scientists?

A

-democritus
-dalton
-thomson
-rutherford
-bohr
-quantum mechanics

55
Q

what is the timeline of advancements made in studying atoms?

A

-electrons
-nucleus and protons
-electron path around nucleus in orbit
-electrons in electron cloud and paths called orbitals

56
Q

what was incorrect about dalton’s theory?

A

-atoms cannot be divided, created, or destroyed
-this was disproved by nuclear chemistry and the nuclear bomb
-all particles of atoms are identical for one element
-disproved by the discovery of isotopes

57
Q
A

chemistry (10 decks)

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