chemistry test 2- classification of matter

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

-anything that has mass and volume

Question 2

volume

Answer 2

-the amount of three dimensional space an object occupies

Question 3

mass

Answer 3

-a measure of the amount of matter

Question 4

atom

Answer 4

-the smallest unit of an element
-maintains the chemical identity of that element

Question 5

element

Answer 5

-pure substance
-cannot be broken down into simpler stable substances
-made of one type of atom

Question 6

kinetic molecular theory

Answer 6

-all matter is made of particles that are always moving
-all particles have space between them
-all particles have energy
-more space = more energy
-temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of the particles
-as temp is changed, change in state may occur
-attractive forces between particles are stronger as particles are closer together

Question 7

temperature

Answer 7

-a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles
-a change in temp could result in a change in state

Question 8

solid (characteristics)

Answer 8

-definite shape and volume
-particles packed close together
-particles vibrate
-very strong attractive forces, low energy

Question 9

liquid (characteristics)

Answer 9

-definite volume, no definite shape
-particles are close together but can slide past one another
-particles flow
-strong attractive forces, medium energy

Question 10

gas (characteristics)

Answer 10

-no definite shape or volume
-particles are as spread out as possible
-particles move with great speed
-attractive forces are very weak, very high energy

Question 11

pure substance

Answer 11

-has a fixed compostion
-composed of just one type of particle (atom or molecule)
-can either be compounds or elements

Question 12

compound

Answer 12

-pure substance
-two or more elements combined through a chemical reaction
-composed of a definite group of molecules or ions that are chemically bonded

Question 13

mixture

Answer 13

-a physical combination of two or more substances
-identities and properties of the individual substances are retained
-can be separated by physical means

Question 14

compound vs. mixture

Answer 14

-compound have a definite composition (formula)
-mixtures do not have a definite composition

Question 15

genos

Answer 15

kind

Question 16

heterogeneous

Answer 16

-does not appear to be the same throughout
-particles are large enough to see and separate the mixture
-not uniform
-ex. oil and water

Question 17

homogeneous

Answer 17

-appears to be the same throughout
-particles do not settle out when left standing
-also called a solution
ex. saltwater

Question 18

filtration

Answer 18

-passing a mixture through a porous material to separate one substance from another
-uses the physical property of size

Question 19

evaporation

Answer 19

-ex. saltwater- water evaporates and leaves salt behind
-uses the physical property of vaporization point (boiling)

Question 20

distillation

Answer 20

-separation of liquid mixtures
-liquid with the lowest boiling point will vaporize first
-collect vapor that is then condensed and collected as a pure liquid
-uses the physical property of vaporization point

Question 21

decanting

Answer 21

-separation by pouting off the liquid layer and leaving solids behind
-uses the physical property of state of matter
-liquids are fluid and solubility

Question 22

chromatography

Answer 22

-separating components of a mixture based on attraction
-ex. hydrophobic

Question 23

evaporation vs. distillation

Answer 23

-both use vaporization point to separate mixture
-evaporation is more concerned with the solid left behind
-distillation is more concerned with the pure liquid that is vaporized

Question 24

particles

Answer 24

-pieces of matter
-atoms, molecules, or ions

Question 25

diatomic elements

Answer 25

-hydrogen
-nitrogen
-oxygen
-fluorine
-chlorine
-bromine
-iodine

Question 26

physical properties of matter

Answer 26

-characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
-ex. freezing point, texture, density, volume

Question 27

intensive (pp)

Answer 27

-does not depend on the amount of matter present
ex. density, boiling point, freezing point, color, malleability, ductility, texture

Question 28

extensive (pp)

Answer 28

-depends on the amount of matter present
-ex. mass and volume

Question 29

chemical properties of matter

Answer 29

-a substance’s ability to undergo changes that result in a different substance with different properties
-ex. heating mercury results in mercury oxide- mercury oxidizes upon heating, flammability

Question 30

chemical changes of matter examples

Answer 30

-“reacts with”
-buring
-rotting
-tarnish
-rusting
-digesting

Question 31

physical changes of matter examples

Answer 31

-cutting
-grinding
-freezing
-melting
-evaporation

Question 32

solid to gas change

Answer 32

-sublimation

Question 33

gas to liquid change

Answer 33

-condensation

Question 34

liquid to solid change

Answer 34

-freezing

Question 35

gas to solid change

Answer 35

-deposition

Question 36

solid to liquid

Answer 36

-melting

Question 37

liquid to gas

Answer 37

-evaporation