Chemistry Test 3 Flashcards
The quantitative way to express solutions
Molarity = moles solute/liter solution (M=mol/L)
Molarity
The quantitative way to express solution concentration
How many mL of a 0.125 M NaOH solution contain 0.255 mol of NaOH?
2040mL
How many grams of NaOH is required to make 1L of 0.5M NaOH?
20g NaOH
Dilution
The process of lowering the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent
Equation used to calculate dilutions
Volume(initial) * Molarity(initial) = volume(final) * molarity(final)
What is the final molarity of a NaCl solution when 1.03L of 1.50M NaCl is diluted to 10.0L?
0.155M
What volume of 1.00M CuSO4 is needed to make 250.0mL 0.100M CuSO4 solution?
0.025L
Non-electrolyte
Compounds that remain intact when dissolved (molecules except acids)
Electrolytes
Compounds that dissociate into ions and conduct electricity in water (ionic compounds and acids)
Strong electrolyte
Any compound that COMPLETELY dissociate when dissolved in water
Weak electrolyte
Most acids that PARTIALLY dissociate when dissolved in water
Double displacement
Type of reaction in which the ions of two ionic compounds exchange places to form two new compounds. Like ions swap places with each other
A reaction in solution where all reactants and products and reactants are written as neutral compounds
molecular equation
Ions that are identical on both sides of the reaction
spectator ions
Write the total ionic and net ionic equations:
Li2SO4(aq)+Ca(NO3)2(aq) —> 2LiNO3(aq)+CaSO4(s)
Li+(aq) + SO42-(aq) + Ca2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) –> 2Li+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + CaSO4(s)
Ca2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) –> CaSO4(s)
Write the total ionic and net ionic equations:
2(NH4)3PO4(aq)+3Na2SO4(aq) —> 2Na3PO4(aq)+3(NH4)2SO(aq)
6NH4+(aq) + 2PO43-(aq) + 6Na+(aq) + 3SO42-(aq) –> 6Na+(aq) + 2PO43-(aq) + 6NH4+(aq) + 3SO4-2(aq)
They all cancel each other out = no net equation
Does a chemical reaction occur when ammonium phosphate and sodium sulfate are mixed?
no; because the products and reactants are the same
A precipitate forms when aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate and calcium chloride are mixed. Write the net ionic equation for the reaction and identify any spectator ions present.
(NH4)2SO4(aq) + CaCl2(aq) —> 2NH4Cl(aq) + CaSO4(s)
Ca2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) —> CaSO4(s) (Net)
NH4+, Cl- spectator ions
Acids are molecular compounds that ionize to produce what?
hydronium (H3O+) in water
Acids that ionize completely
strong acids
What are the 6 strong acids?
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)(aq)
Hydrobromic acid (HBr)(aq)
Hydroiodic acid (HI)(aq)
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)(aq)
Nitric acid (HNO3)(aq)
Perchloric acid (HClO4)(aq)
What is the name of the acids that contain more than one ionizable proton (H+) and release them sequentially
What do Arrhenius bases produce
hydroxide in water
What is the most common weak base?
Ammonia
An oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction is a type of chemical reaction that involves a …
transfer of electrons between compounds
Numerical value given to an atom in a molecule or compound
oxidation number/state
6 rules for determining oxidation numbers
What are the two forms of energy?
potential and kinetic
