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Group Study Flashcards > Chemistry Spring Term AP2 - Acids and Alkalis > Flashcards

Chemistry Spring Term AP2 - Acids and Alkalis Flashcards

1
Q

What is a universal indicator?

A

an indicator that can be used to measure the approximate pH of a solution

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2
Q

Name 4 properties of alkalis

A
  • is bitter in taste and feels soapy.
  • turns litmus paper blue.
  • has a pH value of more than 7.
  • always contains hydroxide (OH) which is very reactive
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3
Q

Name 4 properties of acids

A
  • are sour in taste and can be corrosive
  • turns litmus paper red
  • has a pH of under 7
  • always contains hydrogen (H) which is very reactive
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4
Q

What are the products of neutralisation?

A

salt + water

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5
Q

Which 7 elements are diatomic molecules?

A

Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Fluorine
Oxygen
Iodine
Chlorine
Bromine

Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer

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6
Q

What is the difference between universal indicator and litmus paper?

A

Universal Indicator paper displays a variety of colors over a wide pH range, unlike litmus paper which only shows 2 colours

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7
Q

What is the difference between a base and an alkali?

A

A base is a something that react with an acid to form water and a salt. An alkali is any base that is soluble in water.

All alkalis are bases, but all bases are not alkalis.

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8
Q

What is a metal oxide?

A

the metal bonded with oxygen

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9
Q

How do you name the salt formed in neutralisation?

A

The first part of the salt comes from the first word in the name of the base and the name of the acid makes the second word

salt made from hydrochloric acids end in chloride, for sulphuric acids sulphates and for nitric acids, nitrates

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10
Q

Give one example of a base

(that is not an alkali)

A

copper hydroxide

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11
Q

Give an example of an alkali

A

sodium hydroxide

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12
Q

Do bases have a pH

A

Yes, they do

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13
Q

What salt does calcium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid produce?

A

calcium chloride

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14
Q

What salt does magnesium oxide + nitric acid produce?

A

magnesium nitrate

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15
Q

What salt would sodium hydroxide + nitric acid produce?

A

sodium nitrate

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16
Q

What salt does magnesium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid produce?

A

magnesium chloride

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17
Q

What salt does magnesium hydroxide + nitric acid produce?

A

magnesium nitrate

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18
Q

What salt does aluminium hydroxide + nitric acid produce?

A

aluminium nitrate

19
Q

What salt did potassium hydroxide + sulphuric acid produce?

A

potassium sulphate

20
Q

sulphuric acid formula

A

H₂SO₄

(valency of 2)

21
Q

ammonium formula and valency

A

NH₄

valency of 1

22
Q

nitrate formula and valency

A

NO₃

valency of 1

23
Q

hydroxide

A

OH

valency of 1

24
Q

sulphate formula and valency

A

SO₄

valency of 2

25
Q

carbonate

A

CO₃

valency of 2

26
Q

calcium hydroxide formula

A

Ca(OH)₂

27
Q

nitric acid formula

A

HNO₃

28
Q

hydrochloric acid formula

A

HCl

(valency of 1)

29
Q

What does the pH scale tell you?

A
  1. Whether a substance is an acid or alkali and the subtstance’s strength
  2. The power of hydrogen ions in a solution
30
Q

Give an example of a household acid and household alkali

A
  • vinegar (acid)
  • washing powder (alkali)
31
Q

Give an example of a useful acid-alkali reaction

A
  • taking indigestion tablets to neutralise excess hydrochloric acid made by the stomach
  • neutralising excess acids in soil to protect plants
32
Q

What pollutant gases cause acid rain?

A

sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides

33
Q

acid + base –> ?

A

acid + base –> salt + water

34
Q

acid + metal oxide–>

A

acid+ metal oxide–> salt + water

35
Q

acid + carbonate–>

A

acid + carbonate–> salt + water + carbon dioxide

36
Q

acid + hydroxide–>

A

acid + hydroxide–> salt + water

37
Q

sulfuric acid formula

A

HSO4

38
Q

Name one example of a natural indicator.

A

Red cabbage

39
Q

What is the difference between the strength of a solution and the concentration?

A

The strength is determined by the pH, whilst the concentration is determined by the number of particles of the solute that are present in the solution.

40
Q

State the difference between a concentrated and dilute solution.

A

A dilute solution has a relatively small amount of the solute, whilst a concentrated solution has a relatively large amount of the particles present.

41
Q

What is an oxide?

A

A substance made up of a metal or non-metal element joined to oxygen

42
Q

what is a salt?

A

A salt is a compound in which the hydrogen atoms of an acid are replaced by atoms of a metal element

43
Q

What is a concentrated solution?

A

a solution that has a large amount of solute particles per unit of volume

44
Q

What is a dilute solution?

A

a solution that has a small number of solute particles per unit volume

Group Study Flashcards (25 decks)

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