Chemistry practical questions Flashcards
Why is the funnel removed after it has been used for filling the burette (titration)
a droplet from the funnel could enter the burette, affecting the volume and readings = affects titre
Name the sources of error when using the burette to carry out a titration
- leaving the funnel in
- air bubble in jet space
- not reading at eye level and recording where the bottom of the miniscus touches
During the titration, the inside of the conical flask is rinsed with distilled water.
Suggest why rinsing improves the accuracy of the titre
Ensures all reagents are able to react
Explain why adding extra water when rinsing the conical flask during titration, does not change the volume of acid solution that is required in the titration.
Because it doesn’t change the number of moles for the reagents
State why it is imporant to fill the space below the tap in the burette with solution before beginning an accurate titration
prevent air bubbles = to fill the space during titration, which prevents the volumes being added from being too high
Suggest why 250cm3 conical flask is preferred to a 250cm3 beaker for titration
Less chance of losing liquid when swirling
the liquid doesn’t splash
Why does repeating a titration make the value of the average titre more reliable
a single titration could be anomalous
in order to obtain concordant results
How do you reduce percentage uncertainty when measuring volume?
Increase the amount of the solution used. Remember, % error = (uncertainty in equipment / reading) x 100
Uncertainty in the equipment remains constant, but if you have a larger reading (more solution) then you will have a smaller % error.
Decrease the concentration of the substance in the burette.
As a larger volume has to be delivered to add the same amount of moles to the solution.
A student heated a solid sample of Na2CO3. xH2O for 1 minute to remove water and determine a value for x
The diagram shows the apparatus used.
a) the experimental value for x was much lower than the correct value of x. Suggest a reason for this
b) suggest how the procedure could be improved, using the same apparatus to give a more accurate value of x and justify your answer
a) Failure to drive off all the water/ Failure to heat for long enough/ Not heated to constant mass
b) Heat to constant mass / heat for longer / use a smaller mass
You can be sure all / more of the water has been driven off
How do you make up a standard solution?
Using a weighbing boat, weigh out accurately the mass of salt
Transfer the solid to a 250cm^3
3)Re-weigh the weighing boat and record the mass. Calculate the difference in mass
Add about 100cm3 of deionised water. Stir the mixture to dissole the solid, adding more water if necessary to aid the dissolving process
Transfer the solution to a 250cm^3 volumetric flask through a filter funnel. Rinse the beaker, glass rod and runnel and transfer all washings into the volumetric flask
add distilled water to the volmetric flask until the bottom of the meniscus sits on the graduation mark on the neck of the flask
stopper the flask and invert it 20 times so the solution is homogeneous solution
What kind of chemical should be used in a standard solution?
- Does not absorb or lose moisture to/from the environment.
- Has accurately known relative formula mass so number of moles can be calculated
- Is very pure
- Has high relative formula mass to minimise weighing errors.
Why is a volumetric pipette more accurate than a measuring cylinder?
because it has a smaller uncertainty
Why only use small drops of indicator?
indicators tend to be weak acids - so adding too much will affect the result of the titration.
How do you investigate the rate of a reaction changes with temperature?
Measuring cylinders - measure 50cm3 of 0.05 mol of sodium thiosulphate. In another- measure 5cm3 of HCl - place them I seperate boiling tubes.
measure the initial temperature of the 2 solutions before you add one to another in a conical flask.
Add the sodium thiosulphate to conical flask first and then the HCl. The conical flask should be placed over a white tile with a black cross, start the stopwatch and measure the time it takes for the cross to disappear due to the cloudy suffer being produced.
If equipment has uncertainty, it can still be used in an experiment and it is still adequate. What would make it adequate?
If the reading is bigger than the uncertainty. (For example, for a thermometer, if the temperature change is bigger than the uncertainty it is adequate)
How do you convert m3 to dm3 and dm3 to cm3
x 1000
Why is it important to note down the temperature and pressure of the room when using a gas syringe?
because the volume of a gas depends on the pressure and temperature
What are the potential errors when using a gas syringe (3)
- gas escapes before bung inserted
- syringe sticks
- some gases like co2 or so2 are soluble in water so the true amount of gas is not measured
Why is a burette more suitable than a pipette for titrations
because it can measure variable volume
Why should we never seal the top of a condenser?
the build up of gas pressure could cause the apparatus to explode