chemistry paper 1- bonding

Question 1

what are ions

Answer 1

positively/negatively charged particles

Question 2

what happens when metals form ion

Answer 2

lose electrons from their outer shell = positive ion

Question 3

what happens when non-metals form ion

Answer 3

gain electrons into their outer shell = negative ion

Question 4

group 1,2,6,7 form what type of ions?

Answer 4

Group 1 - 1+
Group 2 - 2+
Group 6 - 2-
Group 7 - 1-

Question 5

what is the ionic bonding transfer of?

Answer 5

electrons = to do with metal an non-metal

Question 6

What diagram is used for ionic bonding?

Answer 6

dot and cross diagram

Question 7

Flaws and Benefits of dot and cross diagrams?

Answer 7

+ show how ionic compounds are formed
- doesn’t show the structure of it
- doesn’t show the size or how they’re arranged

Question 8

Properties of a ionic compound?

Answer 8

giant ionic structure

ions are closely packed in a regular lattice structure

strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions

high mpt + bpt = strong bonds = lots of energy needed

Question 9

what happens when a ionic compound is solid?

Answer 9

ions are held in place= don’t conduct electricity

when they melt= ions free to move = carry electric charge

Question 10

What diagram is used for covalent bonding?

Answer 10

displayed formula + dot and cross

Question 11

Properties of a covalent compound?

Answer 11

SHARING ELECTRONS (non-metals)

positively charged nuclei=electrostatic forces = strong bonds

can only share in their outer shell

Question 12

what are simple molecular substances made out of ?

Answer 12

molecules made out of few atoms joined together by covalent bonds

Question 13

Properties of a simple molecular substance?

Answer 13

very strong covalent bonds= weak forces of attraction = low mpt and bpt as they can easily part away from each other

Question 14

what are polymers?

Answer 14

long chains of molecule that repeat

Question 15

properties of a polymer?

Answer 15

large intermolecular forces so more energy needed to break it = solid at room temp

Question 16

examples of giant covalent structures

Answer 16

diamond
graphite
silicon dioxide

Question 17

what are allotropes ?

Answer 17

different structural forms of the same element

Question 18

Diamond Properties?

Answer 18

strong covalent bonds= lots of energy to break = high mpt
does not conduct electricity= no free electrons

Question 19

Graphite properties?

Answer 19

no covalent bonds between the layers

held weakly together so they slide over each other

soft and slippery

Question 20

what are fullerenes?

Answer 20

molecules of carbon - shaped like closed tubed

form nanotubes = conduct electricity and heat

they have high tensile strength

Question 21

what is metallic bonding?

Answer 21

metals- giant structures - very strong

have a sea of delocalised electron = strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the ions = good conductor of heat

high mpt and bpt

malleable

Question 22

Alloys + Pure Metals

Answer 22

Alloys are harder and pure metals are softer as they only consist of one type of metal + alloys is a mixture

Question 23

solids properties

Answer 23

strong forces of attraction= close together in fixed position

don’t move but they vibrate in their position

Question 24

liquids properties

Answer 24

weak forces of attraction= they are free to move but stick closely together

don’t keep a shape but have volume

constantly moving particles

Question 25

gas properties

Answer 25

very weak forces of attraction= they are free to move and far apart

don’t keep shape or volume

constantly move in random motion