Chemistry of medicinal natural products- alkaloids Flashcards
The fungus that causes St Anthony’s fire
Ergot
The alkaloids that come from ergot
Ergotamine
Ergocornine
Ergocristine
Ergometrine
Alkaloids from ergot that are used as medication
Ergotamine for acute migraine
Ergometrine for post partem bleeding
Which hallucinogenic drug comes from Ergot
LSD/acid
Tropane alkaloids
Hyoscyamine and atropine
Mechanism of action of atropine and hyoscyamine
Block the action of acetylcholine in saliva, stomach secretions, heart muscle, smooth muscle
Link between atropine and hyoscyamine with nerve agent poisoning
Reduces the effect by blocking acetylcholine receptors causes relaxation of muscles
Why does ipatropium (tropane alkaloid) not cross the blood brain barrier
It is a quaternary ammonium salt so it stays where administered
Hyoscine hydrobromide/ Scopolamine treats
Hypersalivation
Excessive respiratory secretion
Motion sickness
Bowel colic
Side effects of hyoscine hydrobromide/ tropane alkaloids
Dry mouth
Constipation
Dizziness
Drowsiness
How is hyoscine/scopolamine administered
Through skin/transdermal
Why are synthetic analogues of cocaine made
Used for pain because they are less addictive
What similarity do opioid peptides have
The first 5 amino acids in the chain are the same
What plant does morphine come from
Opium poppy
What is the other name for diamorphine
Heroin
What happens when codeine is metabolised in the liver
Converts into morphine
Which group is removed when codeine becomes morphine
Methyl group
Strategies used to make morphine analogues
Simplification
Drug extension
Rigidification
What is simplification of morphine
Removal of rings to make new compounds
What is drug extension of morphine
Extra binding groups are added to allow more binding on receptor surfaces
What does nalaxone do
It is an antagonist used for morphine overdose
