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DTCC Anatomy & Physiology > Chemistry of Life Vocab > Flashcards

Chemistry of Life Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

atom

A

smallest part of an element that still shows the properties of the element

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2
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in an element

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3
Q

acid

A

releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

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4
Q

molecular formula

A

shows the kinds and ratios of atoms in a compound

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5
Q

neutralization

A

reaction that occurs when equal strength acids and bases are mixed in equal volumes

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6
Q

covalent bond

A

bond is formed when atoms share electrons

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7
Q

element

A

substance composed of only one type of atom

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8
Q

ion

A

a charged atom

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9
Q

isotope

A

atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses

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10
Q

nonpolar covalent bond

A

bond formed when atoms share electrons equally

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11
Q

ph

A

measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

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12
Q

reactants

A

substances that participate in a chemical reaction

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13
Q

carbohydrate

A

organic compound is used mostly for energy

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14
Q

cholesterol

A

steroid used to form the hormones testosterone and estrogen

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15
Q

disaccharide

A

double sugars

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16
Q

double helix

A

structure of the dna molecule

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17
Q

enzyme substrate complex

A

substance formed when a substrate occupies active site of enzyme

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18
Q

sucrose

A

sugar formed when glucose bonds to fructose

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19
Q

genes

A

units of heredity

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20
Q

glycerol

A

three carbon alcohol that is an important component of lipids

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21
Q

hydrogen bond

A

bond formed by polar molecules attraction

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22
Q

macromolecules

A

the very large organic molecules found in living tissue

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23
Q

mass number

A

sum total of protons and neutrons in an atom

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24
Q

monosaccharide

A

simplest forms of carbohydrates

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25
Q

nucleotides

A

subunits of the nucleic acids

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26
Q

phospholipid

A

phosphorous containing lipids of the cell membrane

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27
Q

primary structure

A

protein structure is determined by the number of kinds of and sequence of amino acids

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28
Q

proteins

A

organic compound has the most different kinds of functions and is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

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29
Q

replication

A

process by which a dna molecule can make an exact copy of itself

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30
Q

polypeptide

A

name for proteins based on the type of bonds found in proteins

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31
Q

saturated fatty acid

A

lipid component with only carbon to carbon single bonds in its hydrocarbon chain

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32
Q

starch

A

storage polysaccharide found in plants

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33
Q

tertiary structure

A

protein structure is determined by the interaction of variable groups within the polypeptide chain

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34
Q

translation

A

process by which messenger RNA and transfer RNA form a protein

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35
Q

unsaturated fatty acid

A

lipid component with some carbon to carbon double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain

36
Q

competitive inhibition

A

enzyme inhibition associated with molecules with shapes similar to those of the enzyme’s normal substrate

37
Q

pyrimidine

A

single ring nitrogen bases of dna and rna

38
Q

adenine

A

nitrogen base always pairs with uracil in rna

39
Q

cytosine

A

nitrogen base always pairs with guanine in both dna and rna

40
Q

atomic nucleus

A

contains the protons and neutrons

41
Q

atomic symbol

A

one or two letter abbreviations used to represent element

42
Q

base

A

substance that releases hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

43
Q

structural formula

A

represent the positions of atoms in a substance

44
Q

compound

A

sunstance composed of two or more different kinds of elements

45
Q

electron

A

negative particle found in an atom

46
Q

inorganic compound

A

compound that does not contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen together

47
Q

ionic bond

A

bond is formed by the transfer of electrons

48
Q

organic compound

A

compound composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen together

49
Q

molecular formula

A

used to represent the types and ratios of atoms found in a substance

50
Q

amino group

A

group composed of nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms

51
Q

carboxyl group

A

group composed of carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and bonded to a hydroxyl group

52
Q

cellulose

A

structural polysaccharide found in plants

53
Q

coenzyme

A

substances needed by certain enzymes to completely form a working active site

54
Q

dna

A

genetic material of all organisms

55
Q

enzyme

A

biological catalyst

56
Q

fatty acid

A

component of a lipid contains a hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group on one end

57
Q

galactose

A

combines with glucose to form the sugar found in milk

58
Q

glucose

A

sugar is used by all organisms in the process of respiration

59
Q

glycogen

A

storage polysaccharide found in animals

60
Q

lipid

A

organic compound stores the most energy and is used to form cell membranes

61
Q

maltose

A

sugar formed when two glucose molecules are bonded together

62
Q

molecule

A

smallest part of a compound that still retains the properties of a compound

63
Q

nucleic acid

A

kind of organic molecules that form dna and rna

64
Q

peptide bond

A

bond used to join amino acids

65
Q

polar covalent bond

A

bond is formed when electrons are shared unequally

66
Q

polysaccharide

A

carbohydrate is formed of long chains of simple sugars

67
Q

products

A

the materials that are formed by a chemical reaction

68
Q

quaternary structure

A

protein structure is formed by the interaction of variable groups between different polypeptide chains

69
Q

rna

A

nucleic acid found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells

70
Q

secondary structure

A

protein structure is formed by the interaction of the amino groups and carboxyl groups within the polypeptide chain

71
Q

sucrose

A

sugar formed when glucose and fructose are bonded together

72
Q

transcription

A

process by which DNA copies its genetic code into a molecule of messenger RNA

73
Q

triglyceride

A

lipid formed when three fatty acids are combined with one molecule of glycerol

74
Q

variable group

A

part of an amino acid distinguishes the twenty different natural amino acids

75
Q

allosteric enzyme

A

enzyme with two active sites

76
Q

purine

A

double ring nitrogen bases of DNA and RNA

77
Q

adenine

A

nitrogen base always pairs with thymine in dna

78
Q

uracil

A

nitrogen base always pairs with adenine in rna

79
Q

guanine

A

nitrogen base always pairs with cytosine in both dna and rna

80
Q

hydrophillic

A

substance that can mix with and dissolve in water

81
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

joining organic compunds by removing water

82
Q

hydrolysis

A

breaking down organic compounds by adding water

83
Q

diglyceride

A

lipid formed when one fatty acid is combined with one molecule of glycerol

84
Q

monoglyceride

A

lipid formed when two fatty acids are combined with one molecule of glycerol

85
Q

cytosine

A

nitrogen base that always pairs with guanine in both dna and rna

DTCC Anatomy & Physiology (32 decks)

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