Chemistry of Life (Unit 1) Flashcards
How many H bonds does AT have?
2 H bonds
How many H bonds does CG have?
3 H bonds
What are purines?
AG
What are pyrimidines?
CT
What is the primary protein structure?
A peptide bonded chain of amino acids
What is the secondary protein structure?
Folded ( alpha helixes and beta sheets)
What is the tertiary protein structure?
3D protein structure
Functional shape through R group bonding
What is the quaternary protein structure?
Multiple polypeptide units
ex Hemaeglobin
What is the monomer of carbs?
Monosaccarides
What bonds do saccarides have?
Glycosidic linkages
What is the difference/similarities between glycogen, starch, and cellulose?
Glycogen and starch and branched (a), and stores glucose
Cellulose is linear (b), and is for structure
Starch and cellulose are in plants only, glycogen is in animals
What is the function of carbs?
Short term energy storage and structure
What is the functional units of lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What is the bonds do lipids have?
Ester linkages
What is the function of lipids
Long term energy storage, insulation
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated?
Saturated = single bonds
Unsaturated = at least one double or triple bond
What is the functional group of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What is the function of nucleic acids?
Transmission and storage of genesW
What is an example of nucleic acids
DNA or RNA
What macromolecules have nitrogen?
Nucleic acids and amino acids
What macromolecules have phosphorus?
Lipids and amino acids
What is the functional groups of proteins?
Amino acids
What bonds to amino acids have?
Peptide bonds
What is the function of proteins?
“Work” - enzymes, antibodies, etc
Why are nutrients highly dissolvable in water?
So plants can get easy access to them
What is cohesion?
Attraction between the same molecules (water and water)
What is adhesion?
Attraction between two different molecules
Explain waters surface tension
Water has a high surface tension because of hydrogen bonding between molecules at the air-water interface and to the water below
Why does water have a moderating effect on the climate (think temperature)?
Water has a high specific heat capacity (amount of heat the must be absorbed or lost to change 1 degree celcius)
What is catabolic?
large chemical complexes are broken down
What is anabolic?
Complex chemicals are built from smaller molecules
Explain dehydration synthesis
2 monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule
Explain hydrolisis
Polymers are disassembled to monomers by hydrolases
